Mandala 7
The seventh Mandala of the Rigveda ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In the Rigveda Anukramani, all hymns in this book are attributed to Vashista. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (to Parjanya) are additionally credited to Kumara Agneya. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda.
The hymns are dedicated to Agni, Indra, the Visvadevas, the Maruts, Mitra-Varuna, the Asvins, Ushas (Dawn), Indra-Varuna, Varuna, Vayu (Wind), two each to Sarasvati, Rudra, the Waters, the Adityas, Vishnu, Vastospati, Brhaspati, one each to the Apris, to Vashista, Savitar, Bhaga, the Dadhikras, the Rbhus, Dyaus and Prthivi (Heaven and Earth), Parjanya (Rain) and Indra-Soma. 7.103 is dedicated to the frogs.
The rivers mentioned in the 7th Mandala are the Sarasvati, Asikni, Parusni and possibly the Yamuna (in 7.18.19 the name of a helper of Indra, maybe also the name of a woman or goddess). Hymns 95 and 96 are entirely dedicated to Sarasvati.
The battle of ten kings
The Battle of the Ten Kings(dÄÅ›arÄjñá) is a battle alluded to in the Rigveda (Book 7, hymns 18, 33 and 83.4-8), the ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. The battle took place during the middle or main Rigvedic period,[1] near the Ravi River in Punjab. It was a battle between the Puru Vedic Aryan tribal kingdoms of the Bharatas, allied with other tribes of the north west India, guided by the royal sage Vishvamitra, and the Trtsu (Puru) king Sudas, who defeats the Bharatas.
List of incipits
The dedication as given by Griffith is in square brackets
7.1 (517) [Agni.] agnÃṃ náro dîdhitibhir aráṇyor 7.2 (518) [Apris.] juṣásva naḥ samÃdham agne adyá 7.3 (519) [Agni.] agnÃṃ vo devám agnÃbhiḥ sajÃ³á¹£Ä 7.4 (520) [Agni.] prá vaḥ Å›ukrâya bhÄnáve bharadhvaṃ 7.5 (521) [Agni.] prá agnáye ? taváse bharadhvaṃ 7.6 (522) [Agni.] prá samrâjo ásurasya práśastim 7.7 (523) [Agni.] prá vo deváṃ cit sahasÄnám agnÃm 7.8 (524) [Agni.] indhé râjÄ sám ariyó námobhir 7.9 (525) [Agni.] ábodhi jÄrá uṣásÄm upásthÄd 7.10 (526) [Agni.] uṣó ná jÄráḥ pá¹›thú pâjo aÅ›red 7.11 (527) [Agni.] mahâṠasi adhvarásya praketó 7.12 (528) [Agni.] áganma mahâ námasÄ yáviá¹£á¹haṃ 7.13 (529) [Agni.] prá agnáye viÅ›vaśúce dhiyaṃdhé 7.14 (530) [Agni.] samÃdhÄ jÄtávedase 7.15 (531) [Agni.] upasádyÄya mīḷhúṣa 7.16 (532) [Agni.] enâ vo agnÃṃ námasÄ 7.17 (533) [Agni.] ágne bháva suá¹£amÃdhÄ sámiddha 7.18 (534) [Indra.] tuvé ha yát pitáraÅ› cin na indra 7.19 (535) [Indra.] yás tigmáśṛṅgo vṛṣabhó ná bhÄ«má 7.20 (536) [Indra.] ugró jajñe vÄ«rÃyÄya svadhâvÄñ 7.21 (537) [Indra.] ásÄvi deváṃ góṛjÄ«kam ándho 7.22 (538) [Indra.] pÃbÄ sómam indara mándatu tvÄ 7.23 (539) [Indra.] úd u bráhmÄṇi airata Å›ravasyâ 7.24 (540) [Indra.] yóniá¹£ á¹a indra sádane akÄri 7.25 (541) [Indra.] â te mahá indara Å«tî ugra 7.26 (542) [Indra.] ná sóma Ãndram ásuto mamÄda 7.27 (543) [Indra.] Ãndraṃ náro nemádhitÄ havante 7.28 (544) [Indra.] bráhmÄ á¹‡a indra úpa yÄhi vidvân 7.29 (545) [Indra.] ayáṃ sóma indara túbhya * sunva 7.30 (546) [Indra.] â no deva śávasÄ yÄhi Å›uá¹£min 7.31 (547) [Indra.] prá va ÃndrÄya mâdanaṃ 7.32 (548) [Indra.] mó ṣú tvÄ vÄghátaÅ› caná 7.33 (549) [Vashista.] Å›vityáñco mÄ daká¹£iṇatáskapardÄ 7.34 (550) [Visvedevas.] prá Å›ukra étu devî manīṣâ 7.35 (551) [Visvedevas.] śáṃ na indrÄgnî bhavatÄm ávobhiḥ 7.36 (552) [Visvedevas.] prá bráhma etu sádanÄd á¹›tásya 7.37 (553) [Visvedevas.] â vo vâhiá¹£á¹ho vahatu stavádhyai 7.38 (554) [Savitar.] úd u á¹£yá deváḥ savitâ yayÄma 7.39 (555) [Visvedevas.] Å«rdhvó agnÃḥ sumatÃṃ vásvo aÅ›ret 7.40 (556) [Visvedevas.] ~ó Å›ruá¹£á¹Ãr vidathÃyÄ sám etu 7.41 (557) [Bhaga.] prÄtár agnÃm prÄtár Ãndraṃ havÄmahe 7.42 (558) [Visvedevas.] prá brahmâṇo áṅgiraso naká¹£anta 7.43 (559) [Visvedevas.] prá vo yajñéṣu devayánto arcan 7.44 (560) [Dadhikras.] dadhikrâṃ vaḥ prathamám aÅ›vÃnoṣásam 7.45 (561) [Savitar.] â devó yÄtu savitâ surátno 7.46 (562) [Rudra.] imâ rudrâya sthirádhanvane gÃraḥ 7.47 (563) [Waters.] âpo yáṃ vaḥ prathamáṃ devayánta 7.48 (564) [Rbhus.] Å•bhuká¹£aṇo ? vÄjÄ mÄdáyadhvam 7.49 (565) [Waters.] samudrájyeá¹£á¹hÄḥ salilásya mádhyÄt 7.50 (566) [Various Deities.] â mâm mitrÄvaruá¹‡Ä ihá raká¹£ataṃ 7.51 (567) [Adityas.] ÄdityânÄm ávasÄ nûtanena 7.52 (568) [Adityas.] Ädityâso áditayaḥ siyÄma 7.53 (569) [Heaven and Earth.] prá dyâvÄ yajñaÃḥ pá¹›thivî námobhiḥ 7.54 (570) [Vastospati.] vâstoá¹£ pate práti jÄnÄ«hi asmân 7.55 (571) [Vastospati.] amÄ«vahâ vÄstoá¹£ pate 7.56 (572) [Maruts.] ká īṃ vÃaktÄ náraḥ sánÄ«á¸·Ä 7.57 (573) [Maruts.] mádhvo vo nâma mârutaṃ yajatrÄḥ 7.58 (574) [Maruts.] prá sÄkamúká¹£e arcatÄ gaṇâya 7.59 (575) [Maruts.] yáṃ trâyadhva idám-idaṃ 7.60 (576) [Mitra-Varuna.] yád adyá sÅ«riya brávo ánÄgÄ 7.61 (577) [Mitra-Varuna.] úd vÄṃ cáká¹£ur varuṇa suprátÄ«kaṃ 7.62 (578) [Mitra-Varuna.] út sûriyo bá¹›hád arcîṃṣi aÅ›ret 7.63 (579) [Mitra-Varuna.] úd Å« eti subhágo viÅ›vácaká¹£Äḥ 7.64 (580) [Mitra-Varuna.] divà kṣáyantÄ rájasaḥ pá¹›thivyâm 7.65 (581) [Mitra-Varuna.] práti vÄṃ sûra údite sÅ«ktaÃr 7.66 (582) [Mitra-Varuna.] prá mitráyor váruṇayo 7.67 (583) [Asvins.] práti vÄṃ ráthaṃ ná¹›patÄ« jarádhyai 7.68 (584) [Asvins.] â Å›ubhrÄ yÄtam aÅ›vinÄ suáśvÄ 7.69 (585) [Asvins.] â vÄṃ rátho ródasÄ« badbadhÄnó 7.70 (586) [Asvins.] â viÅ›vavÄrÄ aÅ›vinÄ gataṃ naḥ 7.71 (587) [Asvins.] ápa svásur uṣáso nág jihÄ«te 7.72 (588) [Asvins.] â gómatÄ nÄsatiyÄ ráthena 7.73 (589) [Asvins.] átÄriá¹£ma támasas pÄrám asyá 7.74 (590) [Asvins.] imâ u vÄṃ dÃviá¹£á¹aya 7.75 (591) [Dawn.] và uṣâ Ävo divijâ á¹›téna 7.76 (592) [Dawn.] úd u jyótir amÅ•taṃ viÅ›vájanyaṃ 7.77 (593) [Dawn.] úpo ruruce yuvatÃr ná yÃ³á¹£Ä 7.78 (594) [Dawn.] práti ketávaḥ prathamâ adṛśrann 7.79 (595) [Dawn.] và uṣâ Ävaḥ pathÃyÄ jánÄnÄm 7.80 (596) [Dawn.] práti stómebhir uṣásaṃ vásiá¹£á¹hÄ 7.81 (597) [Dawn.] práty u adarÅ›i ÄyatÄ« 7.82 (598) [Indra-Varuna.] ÃndrÄvaruá¹‡Ä yuvám adhvarâya no 7.83 (599) [Indra-Varuna.] yuvâṃ narÄ páśyamÄnÄsa âpiyam 7.84 (600) [Indra-Varuna.] â vÄṃ rÄjÄnÄv adhvaré vavá¹›tyÄṃ 7.85 (601) [Indra-Varuna.] punīṣé vÄm arakṣásam manīṣâṃ 7.86 (602) [Varuna.] dhîrÄ tú asya mahinâ janûṃṣi 7.87 (603) [Varuna.] rádat pathó váruṇaḥ sûriyÄya 7.88 (604) [Varuna.] prá Å›undhyúvaṃ váruṇÄya práyiá¹£á¹hÄm 7.89 (605) [Varuna.] mó ṣú varuṇa má¹›nmáyaṃ 7.90 (606) [Vayu.] prá vÄ«rayâ śúcayo dadrire vÄm 7.91 (607) [Vayu.] kuvÃd aá¹…gá námasÄ yé vá¹›dhâsaḥ 7.92 (608) [Vayu.] â vÄyo bhÅ«á¹£a Å›ucipÄ Ãºpa naḥ 7.93 (609) [Indra-Agni.] śúciṃ nú stómaṃ návajÄtam adyá 7.94 (610) [Indra-Agni.] iyáṃ vÄm asyá mánmana 7.95 (611) [Sarasvati.] prá kṣódasÄ dhâyasÄ sasra eṣâ 7.96 (612) [Sarasvati.] bá¹›hád u gÄyiá¹£e váco 7.97 (613) [Brhaspati.] yajñé divó nṛṣádane pá¹›thivyâ 7.98 (614) [Indra.] ádhvaryavo aruṇáṃ dugdhám aṃśúṃ 7.99 (615) [Visnu.] paró mâtrayÄ tanúvÄ vá¹›dhÄna 7.100 (616) [Visnu.] n~ú mártio * dayate saniá¹£yán 7.101 (617) [Parjanya.] tisró vâcaḥ prá vada jyótiragrÄ 7.102 (618) [Parjanya.] parjányÄya prá gÄyata 7.103 (619) [Frogs.] saṃvatsaráṃ Å›aÅ›ayÄnâ 7.104 (620) [Indra-Soma.] ÃndrÄsomÄ tápataṃ ráká¹£a ubjátaṃ
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References
- ↑ Witzel (2000): between approximately 1450 and 1300 BCE
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