Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.

Marine Barracks Washington
Washington, D.C.

Marine Barracks logo
Type Military base
Site information
Controlled by  United States of America
Open to
the public		 During parades and ceremonies
Site history
Built 1801 (1801)
In use 1801 – present
Battles/wars

War of 1812

Garrison information
Current
commander		 Colonel Benjamin T. Watson
Past
commanders		 Christian G. Cabaniss, Charles Heywood, James Carson Breckinridge, Dennis Hejlik
Garrison Ceremonial Companies A & B
Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon
United States Marine Band
U.S. Marine Drum and Bugle Corps
Marine Corps Institute
Occupants United States Marine Corps Commandant of the Marine Corps
U.S. Marine Corps Barracks and Commandant's House
Area 6-acre (2.4 ha)
Architect George Hadfield
NRHP Reference # 72001435
Significant dates
Added to NRHP December 27, 1972
Designated  May 11, 1976

Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. is located at the corner of 8th and I Streets, Southeast in Washington, D.C. Established in 1801, it is a National Historic Landmark, the oldest post in the United States Marine Corps, the official residence of the Commandant of the Marine Corps since 1806, and main ceremonial grounds of the Corps. It is also home to the "Commandant's Own" Marine Drum & Bugle Corps and the "President's Own" U.S. Marine Band. Barracks Marines conduct ceremonial missions in and around the National Capitol Region as well as abroad. They also provide security at designated locations around Washington, D.C. as necessary, carry out the distance education and training program of the Marine Corps through the Marine Corps Institute, and Barracks officers are part of the White House Social Aide Program.

Marine Barracks Washington and the Historic Home of the Commandants were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. A 6-acre (2.4 ha) property with eight contributing buildings was included in the listing.[1][2][3] It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.[4]

History

The Historic Home of the Commandants

The buildings at the Marine Barracks are some of the oldest in Washington.[5] In 1801, President Thomas Jefferson and Commandant LtCol William Ward Burrows rode horses about the new capital to find a place suitable for the Marines near the Washington Navy Yard.[6] They chose a location within marching distance of both the Navy Yard and the Capitol[7] and hired architect George Hadfield to design the barracks and the Commandant’s House.

When the British burned Washington during the War of 1812, they also captured the Marine barracks. It is traditionally held within the Marine Corps that, out of respect for the brave showing of the Marines at Bladensburg, the British refrained from burning the barracks and the Commandant's house.[6]

Though neither Admiral Cockburn nor General Ross mentioned the Marines specifically in their conversation with the wounded Commodore Barney, it is now widely acknowledged that the compliment extends towards both Barney's Flotilla men and the 103 Marines present. This was simply due to the fact that Miller's Marines had brought heavier field guns and small arms to act as the core of Barney's line. There is little doubt that Barney's sailors would have held their ground had it not been for the cannons dispensing grape and canister volley after volley into the 85th Light Foot Regt. This is supported by the fact that Baltimore artillery (also covering the bridge at the Washington Turnpike) on the Marines' right flank was only firing round shot in an attempt to stop Thornton from crossing the bridge. Round shot in general is very ineffective against dispersed troops such as the light infantry of the 85th.

This account of events still survives: " The people of the flotilla, under the orders of Captain Barney and the Marines, were justly applauded for their excellent conduct on this occasion. No troops could have stood better; and the fire of both artillery and musketry has been described as to the last degree severe. Captain Barney himself, and Captain Miller, of the Marine Corps, in particular, gained much additional reputation ; and their conspicuous gallantry caused a deep and general regret that their efforts could not have been sustained by the rest of the army."

The Final Stand at Bladensburg, Maryland, 24 August 1814

The "last stand" of the sailors and Marines is to this day immortalized by Col. Charles Waterhouse's painting of Captain Miller's Marines manning two of the three 12 lb Gribeuaval type cannons. The three guns themselves were hauled from the Marine barracks onto the battlefield to cover a strategic bridgehead.

This event has also been marked by sculptor Joanna Blake of Cottage City in her "Undaunted in Battle." It shows a wounded Barney being helped by a Marine and flanked by a sailor presumably representing a member of the "Flotilla." The background shows a wheeled cannon, likely one of the three hauled to the battlefield by the Marines. Ones that proved so decisive in holding off the British even if for a brief moment.

Square 927, now the block surrounded by 8th & I,[8] and 9th & G Streets S.E., was entered in the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was then designated a National Historic Landmark by the Department of the Interior in 1976.[9]

8th and I has been the home of the Silent Drill Platoon and the Marine Band since the barracks' establishment in 1801 and the residence of the Commandant since 1806, when the Commandant's House was completed. The Commandant's house is the only original building left in the complex, the remainder having been rebuilt in 1900 and 1907.[7] The Marine Corps Institute moved to the barracks from its previous home at Marine Barracks Quantico in 1920. The Drum and Bugle Corps has been based at the barracks since its formation in 1934.

The barracks complex is one of the oldest government buildings in continuous use in Washington, D.C., though some sources conflict on whether the White House is a year older.[6] While traditionally known as the "oldest post in the Corps", Marines did serve at the Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston a year earlier, though they did not have a permanent detachment until 1805 nor a barracks until 1810, and it was vacated in 1974.[7] The Tun Tavern is considered the birthplace of the Corps, having been used for one of the first Continental Marines' recruiting drives in 1775,[10] though it is disputed if it occurred before one at Samuel Nicholas's family tavern, the Conestoga Waggon [sic].[11][12]

Duties

The Marines assigned to the D.C. barracks must meet strict height, weight, and background check standards, since they perform in ceremonial parades, funerals, and other ceremonies for presidential and other national dignitaries. During the summer months, a sunset parade is held every Tuesday evening at the Marine Corps War Memorial in Rosslyn, Virginia near Arlington National Cemetery. In addition, an evening parade takes place at the Barracks every Friday evening from late spring until the end of summer.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Staff (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ↑ "Form 10-300: National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. December 27, 1972. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  3. ↑ "Form 10-301A: National Register of Historic Places Property Photograph Form" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 4, 1973. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  4. ↑ "United States Marine Corps Barrack And Commandant'S House". National Historic Landmark. National Park Service. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  5. ↑ "Barracks History". Marine Barracks Washington, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  6. 1 2 3 Dorr, Robert F.; Borch, Fred L. (2009-04-13). "Marine Barracks embodies rich history of the Corps". The Lore of the Corps (Marine Corps Times). p. 38. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  7. 1 2 3 Sanborn, James K. (April 26, 2010). "The Corps' Oldest Posts". Marine Corps Times. p. 3.
  8. ↑ "Marine Barracks 8th & I". Marine Barracks Washington, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  9. ↑ "United States Marine Corps Barrack and Commandant's House". National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  10. ↑ Chenoweth, Col H. Avery; Nihart, Col Brooke (2005). Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines. New York: Main Street. ISBN 1-4027-3099-3.
  11. ↑ Hoffman, Jon T. (2002). USMC: A Complete History. New York City, New York: Universe Publishing.
  12. ↑ Simmons, Edwin Howard (2003). The United States Marines: A History, 4th Edition. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-790-5.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

External links

Coordinates: 38°52′49″N 76°59′38″W / 38.88039°N 76.99386°W / 38.88039; -76.99386

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