Matija Gubec
| Matija Gubec | |
|---|---|
 Matija Gubec statue in Podsused, Croatia. | |
| Born |
Ambroz Gubec c. 1548 |
| Died |
February 15, 1573 (aged 24–25) Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia, Habsburg Monarchy (now Croatia) |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Known for | Croatian–Slovene peasant revolt |
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Matija Gubec (Croatian pronunciation: [mǎtija gǔbet͡s], Hungarian: Gubecz Máté) (c. 1548 – 15 February 1573),[1] with his real name Ambroz Gubec (or Gobec),[2] was a Croatian revolutionary, best known as the leader of the Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt.[3] He was part of the court of three people that governed the rebels.[4]
Biography
The name Matija first appears in the work of the Hungarian historian Miklós Istvánffy in 1622.[1] Probably Istvánffy attributed this name to him after the good King Matija,[5][6] and later the two, and the peasant king, György Dózsa (leader of the Hungarian peasant revolt in 1514), merged in folk traditions.[2]
Before the revolt, Gubec was a serf on the estate of the landowner Ferenc Tahy.[7] When the revolt erupted, the peasants elected him to be one of the leaders, and renowned for his personal qualities, he became the most influential leader of the rebellion.[7] During his brief tenure he showed ability as a capable administrator and inspiring leader that would later create a legend. He earned the nickname Gubec Beg.[7]
Matija Gubec led the peasant army during its last stand at the Battle of Stubičko Polje on 9 February 1573. Before the battle he made a speech trying to convince the men that only victory could bring them freedom, while the defeat would bring more misery. After the defeat he was captured and taken to Zagreb. On 15 February he was publicly tortured, being forced to wear a red-hot iron crown, cruelly dragged along the streets of the city, pinched with red-hot iron pincers, and was subsequently quartered.[8]
Legacy
While Matija Gubec's cause was defeated, his legacy continued to be preserved in local folklore throughout the centuries. In the 20th century, Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans embraced his cause as their own. During World War II, a Croatian and Slovenian brigade were named after him.[7] He is also depicted as the protagonist of Gubec-beg (1975), the first Croatian rock opera.[9] A museum of Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt led by him is founded in Oršić Castle in Gornja Stubica, near the place of his last battle.
In 2008, a total of 362 streets in Croatia were named after Matija Gubec, making him the most common person eponym of streets in the country.[10]
References
- 1 2 Švab, Mladen, ed. (1983–2009). Hrvatski biografski leksikon [Croatian Biographical Lexicon]. Lexicographical Institute of Miroslav Krleža.
- 1 2 D. Birnbaum, Marianna (1986). Humanists in a shattered world: Croatian and Hungarian Latinity in the sixteenth century. Slavica Publishers. p. 39. ISBN 9780893571559.
- ↑ Gaži, Stephen. A history of Croatia. Philosophical Library, 1973. p99.
- ↑ Mal, Josip (1925–1991 (printed ed.). 2009 (electronic ed.)). "Gregorič, Alojzij". In Vide Ogrin, Petra (electronic ed.). Cankar, Izidor et al. (printed ed.). Slovenski biografski leksikon (in Slovenian). ISBN 9788671310468. OCLC 479727275. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Matija Gubec - Gubec Bey". Peasants' Revolt Museum. 2003. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ↑ Grafenauer, Bogo. Reisp, Branko (1973). "Kmečki punti na Slovenskem: razprave in katalog dokumentov" [Peasant Revolts in the Slovene Lands: Exhibitions and a Catalogue of Documents] (in Slovenian): 27. ISSN 0583-4554. COBISS 3731969.
- 1 2 3 4 Vojna enciklopedija (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Redaction of Vojna enciklopedija. 1972. pp. book 3, p 347.
- ↑ Oto Lothar et al. The land between: a history of Slovenia. Frankfurt: Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2008. p214.
- ↑ "Gubec-beg". komedija.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2013-06-07.
- ↑ Letica, Slaven (29 November 2008). Bach, Nenad, ed. "If Streets Could Talk. Kad bi ulice imale dar govora.". Croatian World Network. ISSN 1847-3911. Retrieved 2014-12-31.