Mehmed VI

Mehmed VI
Caliph of Islam
Amir al-Mu'minin
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques

Photograph of Mehmet VI by Sébah & Joaillier, c. 1920
28th Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate
Reign 3 July 1918 – 19 November 1922
Predecessor Mehmed V
Successor Abdülmecid II
36th and last Ottoman Sultan (Emperor)
Reign 3 July 1918 – 1 November 1922
Sword girding 4 July 1918
Predecessor Mehmed V
Successor Empire abolished
Grand Viziers
Head of the House of Osman
(in exile)
Pretence 19 November 1922 – 16 May 1926
Predecessor Mehmed V
Successor Abdülmecid II
Born (1861-01-14)14 January 1861
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Died 16 May 1926(1926-05-16) (aged 65)
Sanremo, Italy
Burial Damascus, Syria
Consort Nazikedâ Kadınefendi
Inşirah Hanımefendi
Müveddet Kadınefendi
Nevvare Hanımefendi
Nevzad Hanımefendi
Issue From the 1st marriage:
Princess Münire Sultan
Princess Fenire Sultan
Princess Fatma Ulviye Sultan
Princess Rukiye Sabiha Sultan Hanım Efendi
From the 3rd marriage:
Prince Mehmed Ertuğrul Efendi
Dynasty Osmanli (Ottoman)
Father Abdülmecid I
Mother Gülüstü Kadınefendi
Religion Islam
Signature
Royal styles of
Mehmed VI
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sire
Departure of Mehmed VI, last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, 1922
Sultan Mohammed VI

Mehmed VI (Ottoman Turkish: محمد السادس‎ Meḥmed-i sâdis, وحيد الدين Vahideddin, Turkish: Vahideddin or VI. Mehmed), who is also known as Şahbaba (meaning "Emperor-father") among his relatives, (14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922. The brother of Mehmed V, he succeeded to the throne as the eldest male member of the House of Osman after the 1916 suicide of Abdülaziz's son Yusuf Izzettin Efendi,[1] the heir to the throne. He was girded with the Sword of Osman on 4 June 1918, as the thirty-sixth padishah. His father was Sultan Abdülmecid I and mother was Gülüstü (1831 – May 1861), an ethnic Abkhazian, daughter of Prince Tahir Bey Çaçba and his wife Afişe Lakerba, originally named Fatma Çaçba.[2] Mehmed was removed from the throne when the Ottoman sultanate was abolished in 1922.

Biography

He was born in the Dolmabahçe Palace or the Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, both in Istanbul.[3][4]

Reign

The First World War was a disaster for the Ottoman Empire. British and allied forces had conquered Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Empire was divided among the European allies. At the San Remo conference of April 1920, the French were granted a mandate over Syria and the British were granted one over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On 10 August 1920, Mehmed's representatives signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognized the mandates and recognized Hejaz as an independent state.

Turkish nationalists rejected the settlement by the Sultan's four signatories. A new government, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was formed on 23 April 1920, in Ankara (then known as Angora). The new government denounced the rule of Imperial Sultan Mehmed VI and a temporary constitution was drafted.

Exile and death

The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, and Mehmed was expelled from Constantinople. Leaving aboard the British warship Malaya on 17 November, he went into exile in Malta; Mehmed later lived on the Italian Riviera.

On 19 November 1922, Mehmed's first cousin and heir Abdülmecid Efendi was elected Caliph, becoming the new head of the Imperial House of Osman as Abdülmecid II before the Caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly in 1924.

Mehmed died on 16 May 1926 in Sanremo, Italy, and was buried at the Tekkiye Mosque of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in Damascus.[5]

Marriages and issue

First marriage and issue

He married firstly at the Ortaköy Palace, Istanbul, on 8 June 1885 to Abkhazian HH Emine Nazikedâ Kadınefendi (Sukhum, Abkhazia, 9 October 1866 - Maadi, Cairo, 4 April 1944 and buried there), née Fatma Emine Marşania, daughter of Prince Hasan Ali Bey Marşan by his wife Princess Fatma Horecan Hanım Aredba,[2] and had four children:

Second marriage

His married secondly at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, on 8 July 1905 and divorced on 7 November 1909 to Ubykh HH Inşirah Hanımefendi (Batumi, 10 July 1887 - Cairo, 30 June 1930), née Seniye Voçibe, daughter of Zekeriya Aziz Bey Voçibe,[2] without issue.

Third marriage and issue

He married thirdly at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, on 25 April 1911 to Abkhazian HH Müveddet Kadınefendi (Adapazarı, 12 October 1893 – Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, 1951 and buried there), née Şadiye Çıhçı, daughter of Kato Davut Bey Çıhcı by his wife Ayşe Hanım,[2] and had:

Fourth marriage

His married fourthly at the Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, on 20 June 1918 and divorced on 20 May 1924, to Abkhazian HH Nevvare Hanımefendi (Adapazarı, 4 May 1901 – 13 June 1992 ), née Ayşe Çıhçı, daughter of Mustafa Bey Çıhcı by his wife Hafize Hanım Kap,[2] without issue.

Fifth marriage

He married fifthly at the Yıldız Palace, Istanbul, on 1 September 1921, to Turkish HH Nimet Nevzad Hanımefendi (Istanbul, 2 March 1900 – 23 June 1992) daughter of Şaban Efendi Bargu by his wife Hatice Hanım,[2] without issue.

Titles and styles

His Imperial Majesty, the Grand Sultan Mehmed VI Vahid ed-din, Sultan of the Ottomans, Commander of the Faithful and Successor of the Prophet of the Universe.

Notes

  1. ↑ Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, 1999, Chapter 16: The Year of Three Sultans.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Harun Açba (2007). Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924. Profil. ISBN 978-9-759-96109-1.
  3. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), The Encyclopædia Britannica 7 (3), Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire.
  4. ↑ Britannica, Istanbul:When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.
  5. ↑ Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, published 1999, Chapter 19: The Gathering Place of the Jinns

Further reading

External links

Media related to Mehmed VI at Wikimedia Commons

Mehmed VI
Born: 14 January 1861 Died: 16 May 1926
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Mehmed V		 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
3 July 1918 – 1 November 1922 		Succeeded by
Sultanate abolished
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by
Mehmed V		 Caliph of Islam
3 July 1918 – 19 November 1922 		Succeeded by
Abdülmecid II
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Sultanate abolished		 — TITULAR —
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
1 November 1922 – 19 November 1922		 Abdülmecid II
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