Melaleuca linariifolia

Snow-in-Summer
M. linariifolia leaves and flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Melaleuca
Species: M. linariifolia
Binomial name
Melaleuca linariifolia
Sm.

Melaleuca linariifolia, commonly known as snow-in-summer, narrow-leaved paperbark, flax-leaved paperbark and in the language of the Gadigal people as budjur. It is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. A hardy plant, it flowers prolifically in late spring or summer, making it a popular garden shrub or small tree in temperate places. Melaleuca trichostachya is a similar species but its leaves are arranged differently and the fruits have projecting valves.

Description

Melaleuca linariifolia is a small tree growing to a height of 6–10 metres (20–30 ft) with distinctive and attractive white or creamy white, papery bark and a dense canopy. Its leaves are arranged in alternating pairs (decussate), glabrous except when very young, 17–45 millimetres (0.7–2 in) long, 1–4 millimetres (0.04–0.2 in) wide, linear to lance-shaped and with a distinct mid-vein.[1][2]

The flowers are white to creamy-white, perfumed and arranged in spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. Each spike is up to 40 millimetres (2 in) wide and long and contains 4 to 20 individual flowers. The petals are 2.5–3.3 millimetres (0.1–0.1 in) long and fall off as the flower matures. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower and each bundle contains 32 to 73 stamens. The flowers cover the tree over a relatively short period, between October and February and are followed by fruits which are woody capsules, 2.5–4 millimetres (0.1–0.2 in) long and 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in) long scattered along the stems.The fruiting capsules have valves which do not project beyond the rim of the capsule.[1][2][3]

M. linariifolia in Mount Archer National Park
M. linariifolia bark

Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca linariifolia was first formally described in 1797 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.[4][5] Smith noted that "This, we are told by Mr White, is a large tree, the bark of which is very thick and spongy, serving the purpose of tinder."

The specific epithet (linariifolia) is derived from the Linaria, a genus of plants now in the family Plantaginaceae, and the Latin word folium meaning "leaf"[6] referring to the similarity of the leaves of this species and those of one of the Linaria.[1]

Distribution

Melaleuca linariifolia occurs from the Maryborough district in Queensland to Bawley Point in the Ulladulla district in New South Wales. There is also a disjunct population in the Blackdown Tableland National Park. It is found in heath and dry sclerophyll forest habitats, usually growing near watercourses or swamps.[3]

Uses

Horticulture

Melaleuca linariifolia is cultivated as an ornamental tree for parks and gardens and is also used as a screen or windbreak in Australia[7][8] and overseas.[9] It is popular as a nature strip tree in Melbourne in Victoria.[2] It tolerates both dry and boggy conditions and is frost hardy.[2]

It should be planted with caution as it can damage wastewater pipes,[10] and is easily ignitable, so should not be planted in fire-prone areas. It has also become a garden escape in Western Australia,[11] however it suitable for planting under powerlines[12] and is a food or habitat sources for native animals, including many insects.[12]

There is a range of cultivars that has been developed including dwarf forms such as "Snowstorm"[13] (to 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall) and "Seafoam"[14] (2.5 metres (8 ft))[7]

Essential oils

This species is rich in essential oils, especially Terpinen-4-ol. It has a wider range of tolerance to environmental conditions than the main current source of "tea tree" oil, Melaleuca alternifolia and therefore has potential as an alternative.[1]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Melaleuca linariifolia.
  1. 1 2 3 4 Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 227–228. ISBN 978-1-922137-51-7.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 174–175. ISBN 1-876334-98-3.
  3. 1 2 Wilson, Peter G. "Melaleuca linariifolia". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney;PlantNet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  4. ↑ "Melaleuca linariifolia". APNI. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  5. ↑ Smith, James Edward (1797). Transactions of the Linnean Society of London: (Volume 3): Botanical Characters of Some Plants of the Natural Order of Myrti. London. p. 278. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  6. ↑ "folium". Wiktionary. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  7. 1 2 "Melaleuca linariifolia". Australian Native Plant Society, Australia. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  8. ↑ Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1983). Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping (2 ed.). Sydney: Collins. p. 352. ISBN 0002165759.
  9. ↑ "Flaxleaf paperbark". Virginia Tech. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  10. ↑ "Melaleuca linariifolia". Sydney Water. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  11. ↑ "Melaleuca linariifolia". FloraBase. Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia.
  12. 1 2 "Melaleuca linariifolia" (PDF). Yarra Ranges Shire Council. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  13. ↑ "Melaleuca linariifolia ‘Snowstorm’". APNI. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  14. ↑ "Melaleuca linariifolia ‘Seafoam’". APNI. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
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