Metropolitan Police Service

"Metropolitan Police" redirects here. For police of major metropolitan areas, see metropolitan police.
Metropolitan Police Service
Metropolitan Police Force
Common name The Met[1]
Abbreviation MPS[2]
Logo
Flag
Motto Total Policing[1]
Agency overview
Formed 29 September 1829[3]
Preceding agencies
Employees 48,661 (total)[6]
31,400 police officers[6]
13,000 police staff
3,700 PCSOs
Volunteers 5,000 special constables
1,500 Met Police volunteers
approx 4,000 volunteer police cadets
Annual budget £3.5 billion[7]
Legal personality Non government: Police force
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction* Police area of Metropolitan Police District in the country of , UK
Map of police area
Size 1,578 km2 (609 sq mi)
Population 7.4 million
Legal jurisdiction England & Wales (Northern Ireland and Scotland in limited circumstances)
Governing body Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime
Constituting instruments
General nature
Operational structure
Overviewed by Independent Police Complaints Commission/Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary
Headquarters New Scotland Yard
Police officers 31,478 full time[6]
5,479 special constables[6]
PCSOs 3,831[6]
Agency executives
Facilities
Stations 180
Boats 22
Helicopters 3
Dogs 250
Website
www.met.police.uk
Footnotes
* Police area agency: Prescribed geographic area in the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction.
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The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), informally referred to as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.[8] The Met also has significant national responsibilities, such as co-ordinating and leading on counter-terrorism matters and protection of the British Royal Family and senior figures of Her Majesty's Government.[9]

As of October 2011, the Met employed 48,661 full-time personnel. This included 31,478 sworn police officers, 13,350 non-police staff, and 3,831 non-sworn police community support officers. This number excludes the 5,479 Special Constables, who work part-time (a minimum of 16 hours a month) and who have the same powers and uniform as their regular colleagues.[6] This makes the Metropolitan Police the largest police force in the United Kingdom by a significant margin, and one of the biggest in the world.[10]

The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, commonly known simply as the Commissioner, is the overall operational leader of the force, responsible and accountable to the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime. The post of Commissioner was first held jointly by Sir Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne. The post is currently occupied by Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe. The Commissioner's subordinate, the Deputy Commissioner, is currently Craig Mackey.

A number of informal names and abbreviations exists for the Metropolitan Police Service, the most common being the Met. In colloquial London (or Cockney slang), it is sometimes referred to as the Old Bill.[11] The Met is also referred to by the metonym Scotland Yard after the location of its original headquarters in a road called Great Scotland Yard in Whitehall.[12] The Met's current headquarters is New Scotland Yard, in Victoria.

History

The Metropolitan Police Service was founded in 1829 by Robert Peel, who were affectionately, known as "bobbies", under the Metropolitan Police Act 1829, and at that time, merged with the River Thames Marine Police Force, which had been formed in 1798. In 1837, it also incorporated with the Bow Street Horse Patrol that had been organised in 1805.[13]

Governance

Since January 2012, the Mayor of London is responsible for the governance of the Metropolitan Police through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). The mayor is able to appoint to act on his behalf; the current office-holder is Stephen Greenhalgh. The work of MOPAC is scrutinised by the Police and Crime Committee (also known as a police and crime panel) of the London Assembly. These structures were created by the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 and replaced the Metropolitan Police Authority appointed board created in 2000 by Greater London Authority Act 1999.

Police area and other forces

Carved whale bone whistle dated 1821. 8 cm long. Belonged to a 'Peeler' in the Metropolitan Police Service in London in the early 19th century.

The area policed by the Metropolitan Police Service is known as the Metropolitan Police District (MPD). In terms of geographic policing, the Met is divided into a number of Borough Operational Command Units, which directly align with the 32 London boroughs covered. The City of London (which is not a London borough) is a separate police area and is the responsibility of the separate City of London Police.

The Ministry of Defence Police are responsible for policing of Ministry of Defence property throughout the United Kingdom, including its headquarters in Whitehall and other MoD establishments across the MPD.[14]

The British Transport Police are responsible for policing of the rail network in the United Kingdom, including London. Within London, they are also responsible for the policing of the London Underground, Tramlink, The Emirates Air Line (cable car) and the Docklands Light Railway.[15]

The English part of the Royal Parks Constabulary, which patrolled a number of Greater London's major parks, was merged with the Metropolitan Police in 2004, and those parks are now policed by the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.[16] There is also a small park police force, the Kew Constabulary, responsible for the Royal Botanic Gardens, whose officers have full police powers within the park. A few London borough councils maintain their own borough park constabularies, though their remit only extends to park by-laws, and although they are sworn as constables under laws applicable to parks, their powers are not equal to those of constables appointed under the Police Acts, meaning that they are not police officers.[17]

It should be noted that, despite these specialist police forces, the Met is statutorily responsible for law and order throughout the MPD and can take on primacy of any incident or investigation within it.

Metropolitan Police officers have legal jurisdiction throughout all of England and Wales, including areas that have their own special police forces, such as the Ministry of Defence, as do all police officers of territorial police forces. Officers also have limited powers in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Within the MPD, the Met will take over the investigation of any serious crime from the British Transport Police and Ministry of Defence Police, if it is deemed appropriate. Terrorist incidents and complex murder enquiries will almost always be investigated by the Met, with the assistance of any relevant specialist force, even if they are committed on railway or Ministry of Defence property. A minor oddity to the normal jurisdiction of territorial police officers in England and Wales is that Met officers involved in the protection duties of the Royal Family and other VIPs have full police powers in Scotland and Northern Ireland in connection with those duties.

Organisation and structure

The Metropolitan Police Service is organised into the following directorates:

Each is overseen by an Assistant Commissioner, or in the case of administrative departments, a director of police staff, which is the equivalent civilian staff grade. The management board is made up of the Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, Assistant Commissioners and Directors.

In June 2015, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe, said there was some justification in claims that the Metropolitan Police Service is institutionally racist.[18]

Ranks

The Metropolitan Police Service uses the standard British police ranks, indicated by shoulder boards, up to Chief Superintendent, but uniquely has five ranks above that level instead of the standard three; namely Commander, Deputy Assistant Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner and Commissioner.[19] All senior officers above the rank of Commander are chief police officers of ACPO rank.

The Met approved the use of name badges in October 2003, with new recruits wearing the Velcro badges from September 2004. The badge consists of the wearer's rank, followed by their surname.[20]

Following controversy over assaults by uniformed officers with concealed shoulder identification numbers[21] during the G20 summit, Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson said, "the public has a right to be able to identify any uniformed officer whilst performing their duty" by their shoulder identification numbers.[22]

The Met uniformed officer rank structure, with shoulder badge features, is as follows:

London Metropolitan Police ranks
Police Constable Sergeant Inspector Chief Inspector Superintendent Chief Superintendent Commander Deputy Assistant Commissioner Assistant Commissioner Deputy Commissioner Commissioner

The Met also has several active Volunteer Police Cadet units, which maintain their own internal rank structure.[23] The Metropolitan Special Constabulary (MSC) is a contingent of part-time volunteer police officers and is attached to most Borough Operational Command Units. The MSC has its own internal rank structure.

The prefix "Woman" in front of female officers' ranks has been obsolete since 1999. Members of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent prefix their ranks with "Detective". Detective ranks are equivalent in rank to their uniform counterparts. But at a scene of a crime, the highest ranked present detective becomes temporary (or sometimes permanent) Senior Investigating Officer (or S.I.O.) even if a high ranked Police Officer in uniform (below the rank of Commander) also is present. Other departments, such as Special Branch and Child Protection, award non-detectives "Branch Detective" status, allowing them to use the "Detective" prefix. None of these detective ranks confer on the holder any extra pay or supervisory authority compared to their uniformed colleagues.

Resources

Met officers talk with a woman in Hyde Park, 1976
Two Metropolitan Police officers overseeing an event at Trafalgar Square.
Met officers supervising World Cup revellers in 2006.
Armed police officers. Downing Street gates, 2014
Mounted officers policing a protest at Westminster.
A Met response vehicle.
Senior officer on duty at the Queen's Birthday Parade
A Met smart car

Metropolitan Police employees consist of uniformed police officers, special constables, civilian staff, and police community support officers.[24] The Met was the first force to introduce PCSOs.

Uniformed traffic wardens, who wear a uniform with yellow and black markings, are a distinct body from local council civil enforcement officers. The former have greater powers that include being able to stop vehicles and redirect traffic at an incident.[25] In the past some Met officers have also worn Blue uniforms.

Police numbers

Historic numbers of police officers

Fleet

The Met operates and maintains a fleet of more than 8,000 vehicles,[44] which are used for a range of duties, including:[45]

The majority of vehicles have a service life of three to five years; the Met replaces or upgrades between 800 and 1,000 vehicles each year.

An air support unit operates three Eurocopter EC 145 helicopters, using the call signs India 97, India 98 and India 99. The helicopters are marked in police livery and used for a range of operations. They each cost £5.2 million and have a service life of ten years, meaning they will become due for replacement in 2017.

A marine policing unit operates 22 vessels from its base in Wapping.

Cost of the service

Annual expenditure for single years, selected by quarter centuries.[46]

In 2014/15, the MPS had total expenditure of £3,208m (down from £3,692m in 2011/12), of which £2,475m went on pay (down from £2,754m).[47][48]

Crime figures

See also: Crime in London

Crimes reported within the Metropolitan Police District, selected by quarter centuries.[49]

Detection rates

The following table shows the percentage detection rates for the Metropolitan Police by offence group for 2010/11.[50]

Total Violence against the person Sexual offences Robbery Burglary Offences against vehicles Other theft offences Fraud and forgery Criminal damage Drug offences Other offences
Metropolitan Police 24 35 23 17 11 5 14 16 13 91 63
England and Wales 28 44 30 21 13 11 22 24 14 94 69

Stations

In addition to the headquarters at New Scotland Yard, there are 140 police stations in London.[51] These range from large borough headquarters staffed around the clock every day to smaller stations, which may be open to the public only during normal business hours, or on certain days of the week.

A traditional blue lamp as seen outside most police stations. This one is outside Charing Cross police station.

Most police stations can easily be identified from one or more blue lamps located outside the entrance, which were introduced in 1861.

The oldest Metropolitan police station, which opened in Bow Street in 1881, closed in 1992 and the adjoining Bow Street Magistrates' Court heard its last case on 14 July 2006.[52] The oldest operational police station in London is in Wapping, which opened in 1908. It is the headquarters of the marine policing unit (formerly known as Thames Division), which is responsible for policing the River Thames. It also houses a mortuary and the River Police Museum.

Paddington Green Police Station is a station that has received much publicity for its housing of terrorism suspects in an underground complex.

The marine policing unit is based at Wapping.

Metropolitan Police stations may house a variety of roles and ranks of police staff, such as:

Most stations have temporary holding cells where an arrested person can be held until either being released without charge, bailed to appear at court on a later date, or remanded until escort to a court.

In 2004, there was a call from the Institute for Public Policy Research for more imaginative planning of police stations to aid in improving relations between police forces and the wider community.[53]

Notable incidents and investigations

Notable major incidents and investigations in which the Metropolitan Police has directed or been involved include:

The Met deployed some of their specialist riot vehicles, similar to this one pictured, to the 2009 G-20 protests.
Metropolitan Police officers overseeing the "Protest the Pope" rally on 18 September 2010.

2015 political spying revelations

In 2015, former Metropolitan Police Special Branch officer Peter Francis revealed that the service has spied on several former and serving Labour MPs including Harriet Harman, Peter Hain, Jack Straw, Diane Abbott, Jeremy Corbyn, Bernie Grant, Ken Livingstone, Tony Benn, Joan Ruddock and Dennis Skinner.

In response, Peter Hain stated: "That the special branch had a file on me dating back 40 years ago to anti-apartheid and anti-Nazi League activist days is hardly revelatory. That these files were still active for at least 10 years while I was an MP certainly is and raises fundamental questions about parliamentary sovereignty."[103]

Officers killed in the line of duty

The sculpture on the grave of Constable William Frederick Tyler, Abney Park Cemetery, London

The Police Memorial Trust lists and commemorates all British police officers killed in the line of duty, and since its establishment in 1984 has erected dozens of memorials to some of those officers.

Since 1900, the following officers of the Metropolitan Police Service are listed by the Trust as having been killed while attempting to prevent, stop or solve a criminal act in progress:[104][105][106]

Rank Name Year of death Circumstances
PC Ernest Thompson 1900 Stabbed by a suspect causing a street disturbance
PC Arthur John Wilkins Healey 1902 Fell through roof while searching a premises
PC James Frederick Macey 1904 Collapsed and died after an arrest
PC Leonard Russell 1904 Collapsed and died during an arrest
Sgt Thomas William Perry 1905 Collapsed and died after an arrest
PC William Percy Croft 1905 Fatally injured in a fall while pursuing burglars
PC William Frederick Tyler 1909 Shot dead while pursuing robbery suspects
Insp Alfred Edward Deeks 1912 Collapsed and died while dispersing a nuisance crowd
DC Alfred Young, KPM 1915 Shot dead attempting an arrest
PC Herbert Berry 1918 Fatally injured during an arrest
Sgt Henry William Sawyer 1918 Fatally injured during an arrest
Sgt Thomas Green 1919 Bludgeoned during a mob attack on a police station
PC Thomas Eldred B. Rowland 1919 Died from injuries sustained during an arrest
PC James Kelly 1920 Shot dead while pursuing a burglar
PC David Fleming Ford 1929 Fell through a roof while pursuing burglars
PC Arthur Lawes 1930 Run over while attempting to stop a stolen vehicle
PC George William Allen 1931 Fatally injured with Cautherley when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
PC Harry Cautherley 1931 Fatally injured with Allen when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
PC George Thomas Shepherd 1938 Dragged by a stolen vehicle while attempting to arrest the driver
WRC Jack William Avery 1940 Stabbed while questioning a suspect
PC Nathanael Edgar 1948 Shot dead while questioning a suspect
PC Sidney George Miles 1952 Shot dead by Christopher Craig
PC Edgar Gerald Allen 1958 Fatally injured when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
PC Raymond Henry Summers 1958 Stabbed while intervening in a street affray
DS Raymond William Purdy 1959 Shot dead by Guenther Podola
PC Ronald Alan Addison 1960 Collapsed and died while pursuing suspects
PC Edward Roy Dorney 1960 Struck by a train while pursuing suspects
Insp Philip Pawsey, QPM 1961 Shot dead with Hutchins by a suspect
Sgt Frederick George Hutchins, QPM 1961 Shot dead with Pawsey by a suspect
DS Christopher Head 1966 Shot dead in the Massacre of Braybrook Street
PC Geoffrey Fox 1966 Shot dead in the Massacre of Braybrook Street
DC David Wombwell 1966 Shot dead in the Massacre of Braybrook Street
PC Desmond Morgan Acreman 1967 Accidentally run over while pursuing suspects
PC Douglas Frederick Beckerson 1971 Fell through a roof while pursuing a suspect
PC Michael Anthony Whiting, QPM 1973 Dragged by a vehicle while attempting to arrest the driver
Insp David George Gisborne 1974 Collapsed and died after being assaulted in a riot
CEO Roger Philip Goad, GC 1975 Killed attempting to defuse a bomb
PC Clifford Lancaster 1975 Collapsed and died while searching for suspects
PC Stephen Andrew Tibble, QPM 1975 Shot dead off-duty attempting to stop a suspect pursued by police
PC Alan Baxter 1977 Fatally injured when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
PC Kevin Kelliher 1979 Fatally injured when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
PC Francis Joseph O'Neill 1980 Stabbed while questioning a suspect
CEO Kenneth Robert Howorth, GM 1981 Killed attempting to defuse a bomb
PC Robert Benjamin Mercer 1982 Fatally injured when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
WPC Jane Philippa Arbuthnot 1983 Killed in the Harrods bombing
Insp Stephen John Dodd 1983 Killed in the Harrods bombing
Sgt Noel Joseph Lane 1983 Killed in the Harrods bombing
PC Stephen Paul Walker 1983 Accidentally run over while pursuing suspects
PC Grant Clifford Sunnucks 1984 Fatally injured when his vehicle crashed during a police pursuit
PC Ronald Ian Leeuw 1984 Collapsed and died while struggling with a violent prisoner
WPC Yvonne Joyce Fletcher 1984 Shot dead while policing a political demonstration
PC Stephen John Jones 1984 Run over while attempting to stop a drunk-driver
PC Keith Henry Blakelock, QGM 1985 Stabbed during the Broadwater Farm riot
DC John William Fordham 1985 Stabbed while on surveillance duty
PC Philip Michael Olds 1986 Died after being shot and left paralysed in 1980 while attempting an arrest
PC Martin Bickersteth Bell 1986 Run over during a police pursuit
PC Ronan Konrad McCloskey 1987 Dragged by a vehicle while attempting to arrest the drunk driver
PC Laurence Peter Brown 1990 Shot dead as he approached a suspect
PC Robert Chenery Gladwell 1991 Died after being assaulted during an arrest
DC James Morrison, QGM 1991 Stabbed attempting an arrest off-duty
Sgt Alan Derek King 1991 Stabbed attempting an arrest
PC Patrick Dunne 1993 Shot dead while investigating reports of gunfire in the street
Sgt Derek John Carnie Robertson 1994 Stabbed attempting an arrest during a robbery
PC George Pickburn Hammond 1995 Died from injuries sustained in a stabbing in 1985
PC Phillip John Walters 1995 Shot dead attempting an arrest
WPC Nina Alexandra Mackay 1997 Stabbed attempting an arrest
PC Kulwant Singh Sidhu 1999 Fell through a roof while pursuing suspects
PC Christopher Roberts 2007 Collapsed and died after a violent arrest
PC Gary Andrew Toms 2009 Run over when attempting to stop escaping suspects
DC Adele Cashman 2012 Collapsed in pursuit of two robbery suspects
PC Andrew Duncan 2013 Run over when attempting to stop speeding vehicle

Key to rank abbreviations: PC = Police Constable · WPC = Woman Police Constable · WRC = War Reserve Constable · DC = Detective Constable · Sgt = Sergeant · DS = Detective Sergeant · Insp = Inspector · CEO = Civilian Explosives Officer.

See also

Other London emergency services:

References

  1. 1 2 "Metropolitan Police Service – Homepage". Metropolitan Police. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  2. ↑ "Contacts: MPS". MPA. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  3. ↑ "Metropolitan Police Service – History of the Metropolitan Police Service". Metropolitan Police. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  4. ↑ "The Bow street runners – Victorian Policeman by Simon Dell OBE QCB – Devon & Cornwall Constabulary". Devon-cornwall.police.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  5. ↑ "Policing the Port of London – Crime and punishment". Port Cities. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers | MPA". MPA.
  7. ↑ "Met Police budget settlement to put more police on beat in London". Personneltoday.com. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  8. ↑ "Scotland Yard". Robinsonlibrary.com. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  9. ↑ "MPA — Metropolitan Police dedicated to protecting the UK from terrorism". whitehallpages.net. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  10. ↑ "Metropolitan Police Authority". MPA. Retrieved 20 July 2006.
  11. ↑ "Origins of the Old Bill nickname". Metropolitan Police. 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  12. ↑ Douglas Browne (1956) The Rise of Scotland Yard: A History of the Metropolitan Police
  13. ↑ Archived 25 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ↑ "Ministry of Defence Police". MOD. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  15. ↑ About us. Btp.police.uk. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
  16. ↑ "Policing the Royal Parks – keeping you safe in the Royal Parks". Royalparks.org.uk. 1 April 2004. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  17. ↑ The Committee Office, House of Lords. "House of Lords – Unopposed Bill Committee – Minutes of Evidence". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  18. ↑ "Met acknowledges 'some justification' to claims the force is 'racist'". BBC News. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "Badges of Rank". Metropolitan Police Service. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
  20. ↑ Clerk and Treasurer (20 October 2003). "Report 4 of the 20 Oct 03 meeting of the Co-ordination and Policing Committee: Introduction of name badges". Metropolitan Police Authority. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  21. ↑ "Met suspends G20 footage officer". BBC News. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  22. ↑ "Police begin G20 tactics review". BBC News. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  23. ↑ "Volunteer Police Cadets". Metropolitan Police Service. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
  24. ↑ "Metropolitan Police PCSO". Metropolitan Police. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  25. ↑ "Metropolitan Police Authority website, home-page". Mpa.gov.uk. 22 July 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
  26. ↑ "Police Workforce Data, 2014: 14/03/14". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
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  34. ↑ "Police Workforce Data, 2013: 13/03/13". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  35. ↑ "MPS Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers: 31/03/11". Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  36. ↑ "MPS Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers: 31/03/10". Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  37. ↑ "MPS Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers: 31/03/09". Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  38. 1 2 GLA press release, 11 March 2003
  39. ↑ Hansard, 23 April 2001. London population at the time was 7,172,000.
  40. ↑ Hansard, 26 February 1996
  41. ↑ The Thin Blue Line, Police Council for Great Britain Staff Side Claim for Undermanning Supplements, 1965
  42. ↑ Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis for the Year 1952. Included 35 Chief Superintendents (including one woman), 12 Detective Chief Superintendents, 62 Superintendents (including one woman), 16 Detective Superintendents, 128 Chief Inspectors (including five women), 64 Detective Chief Inspectors (including one woman), 20 Station Inspectors, 465 Inspectors (including four women), 140 Detective Inspectors (including one woman), 441 Station Sergeants, 202 1st Class Detective Sergeants, 1,834 Sergeants (including 32 women), 414 2nd Class Detective Sergeants (including six women), 11,951 Constables (including 310 women), and 615 Detective Constables (including 27 women). The official establishment was 20,045.
  43. ↑ Raymond B. Fosdick, European Police Systems, 1915. Figures at 31 December 1912, including 33 Superintendents, 607 Chief Inspectors and Inspectors, 2,747 Sergeants and 17,142 Constables.
  44. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120117021805/http://www.met.police.uk/careers/policestaff/fleet_manager.html. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2011. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  48. ↑ Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime. Statement of Accounts 2011/12.
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  64. ↑ "website: on this day 25 November 1981". BBC News. 25 November 1963. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
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  92. ↑ "Met suspends G20 footage officer". BBC News. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  93. ↑ McVeigh, Tracy (18 September 2010). "Protest the Pope rally sees 10,000 march through London's streets". The Guardian (London).
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  95. ↑ "Night Stalker rapist Delroy Grant jailed for 27 years". BBC News. 25 March 2011.
  96. ↑ "Royal wedding: Police arrest 55 around security zone". BBC News. 29 April 2011.
  97. ↑ "News of the World 'was offered royal numbers'". BBC News. 11 July 2011.
  98. ↑ "England riots: Maps and timeline". BBC News. 15 August 2011.
  99. ↑ "London riots: Met Police launch major investigation". BBC News. 7 August 2011.
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  102. ↑ "Alice Gross search: Hunt for missing 14-year-old is largest since 7/7, says Met police".
  103. ↑ "Police continued spying on Labour activists after their election as MPs".
  104. ↑ "Police Roll of Honour Trust — Metropolitan Roll since 1946". Policememorial.org.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  105. ↑ "Police Roll of Honour Trust — Metropolitan Roll 1900–1939". Policememorial.org.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  106. ↑ "Police Roll of Honour Trust — Metropolitan Roll 1940–1945". Policememorial.org.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2011.

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