Methyl diethanolamine

Methyl diethanolamine
Names
Other names
Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine
Identifiers
105-59-9 YesY
1734441
ChemSpider 7479 N
EC Number 203-312-7
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
MeSH N-methyldiethanolamine
PubChem 7767
RTECS number KL7525000
Properties
C5H13NO2
Molar mass 119.16 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Ammoniacal
Density 1.038 g mL−1
Melting point −21.00 °C; −5.80 °F; 252.15 K
Boiling point 247.1 °C; 476.7 °F; 520.2 K
Miscible
Vapor pressure 1 Pa (at 20 °C)
1.4694
Viscosity 101 mPa s (at 20°C)
Pharmacology
Oral
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word WARNING
H319
P305+351+338
Xi
R-phrases R36
S-phrases (S2), S24
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
1
0
Flash point 127 °C (261 °F; 400 K)
410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
Explosive limits 1.4-8.8%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
1.945 g kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related alkanols
Related compounds
 Diethylhydroxylamine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Methyl diethanolamine is a clear, colorless or pale yellow liquid with an ammonia odor. It is miscible with water, alcohol and benzene. Methyl diethanolamine is also known as N-methyl diethanolamine and more commonly as MDEA. It has the formula CH3N(C2H4OH)2. MDEA is a tertiary amine and is widely used as a sweetening agent in chemical, oil refinery, syngas production and natural gas.

Similar compounds are monoethanolamine (MEA), a primary amine, and diethanolamine (DEA), a secondary amine, both of which are also used for amine gas treating. MDEA's defining characteristic when compared to these other amines is its ability to preferentially remove H2S (and slip CO2) from sour gas streams..

MDEA's popularity as a solvent for gas treating stems from several advantages it has when compared to other alkanolamines. One of these advantages is a low vapor pressure, which allows for high amine compositions without appreciable losses through the absorber and regenerator. MDEA is also resistant to thermal and chemical degradation and is largely immiscible with hydrocarbons. Lastly, MDEA has a relatively low heat of reaction with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which allows for lower reboiler duties, thus lower operating costs.

MDEA blends

MDEA is less reactive towards CO2, but has an equilibrium loading capacity approaching 1 mole CO2 per mole amine.[1] It also requires less energy to regenerate.[1] To combine the advantages of MDEA and the smaller amines, MDEA is usually mixed with a catalytic promoter such as piperazine, PZ, or a fast reacting amine such as MEA to retain reactivity, but lower regeneration costs. Activated MDEA or aMDEA uses piperazine as a catalyst to increase the speed of the reaction with CO2. It has been commercially successful.[2] Many tests have been conducted on the performance of MDEA/MEA or MDEA/Piperazine mixtures compared to single amines. CO2 production rates were higher than MEA for the same heat duty and total molar concentration when experiments were performed in the University of Regina pilot plant, which is a modeled after a natural gas plant. There were also insignificant trace amounts of degradation products detected.[1] However, when the same control variables and tests were conducted at the Boundary Dam plant, the CO2 production rate for the mixed solvent was lower than MEA.[1] This was a result of the reduction in the capacity of the solvent to absorb CO2 after degradation. Because the Boundary Dam plant is a coal-fired power plant, it operates under harsher environments and produces an impure flue gas containing, fly ash, SO2, and NO2 that are fed into carbon capture. Even with flue gas pretreatment, there is still enough to produce degradation products such as straight chain amines and sulfur compounds, which accumulate so it is no longer possible to regenerate MEA and MDEA.[1] For these blends to be successful in reducing heat duty, their chemical stabilities must be maintained.

Degradation

Major oxidative degradation products of MDEA include monoethanol amine (MEA), methyl-aminoethanol (MAE), diethanolamine (DEA), amino acids bicine, glycine and hydroxyethyl sarcosine (HES), formyl amides of MAE and DEA, ammonia, and stable salts formate, glycolate, acetate, and oxalate.[3] In an industrial plan that utilizes MDEA, oxidative degradation is most likely to shift to the cross exchanger where temperatures are greater than 70 °C.[3] Higher temperatures and higher CO2 loading accelerate the rate of degradation, resulting in an increase of alkalinity loss as well as total formate production. While MDEA is more resistant to degradation as a standalone compared to MEA, MDEA is preferentially degraded when in an MDEA/MEA blend.[3] Because of the formation of DEA and MAE, which could form nitroso-compounds or diethylnitrosamine and diethylnitraine, the blend could potentially have an adverse impact in terms of atmospheric admissions.[3] In the Boundary Dam plant, emissions increased when CO2 leading of lean amine increased for the blend and MEA.[3] However, decreasing the lean loading increases the rebiller heat duty, which results in an obvious tradeoff between emissions and heat duty or energy costs.

This compound should not be confused with the recreational drug methylenedioxyethylamphetamine which is also abbreviated MDEA.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Idem, Raphael (2006). "Pilot Plant Studies of the CO2 Capture Performance of Aqueoues MEA and Mixed MEA/MDEA Solvents at the University of Regina CO2 Capture Technology Development Plant and the Boundary Dam CO2 Capture Demonstration Plant". Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45: 2414–2420.
  2. ↑ "Piperazine – Why It's Used and How It Works" (PDF). The Contactor (Optimised Gas Treating, Inc.) 2 (4). 2008. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Boot-Handford, M.E. (2014). "Carbon Capture and Storage Update Amines". Energy Environ 7 (1): 130–189. doi:10.1039/c3ee42350f.
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