Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski
| Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
5 January 1893 Lwów, Austria-Hungary |
| Died |
22 May 1964 (aged 71) Casablanca, Morocco |
| Years of service | 1918 - 1945 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands held |
19th Infantry Division 25th Infantry Division 6th Infantry Division |
| Awards |
     _4r_BAR.PNG){kind=small}  |
General Michał Tadeusz Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Coat of arms of Trąby pseudonym Doktor, Stolarski, Torwid[1] (b. 5 January 1893[1] in Lwów - 22 May 1964[1] in Casablanca, Morocco) was a Polish general, founder of the resistance movement "Polish Victory Service".
Early life
Tokarzewski served in the Polish Legions from 1914 until 1917, then in the POW (Polish Military Organization). He was a commanding officer of the "5th Infantry Legion Regiment" during the Polish-Ukrainian War, which fought in Lwów.[2]
After Poland regained independence in 1918, Tokarzewski served in the Polish Army. In April 1919 he participated in the Polish-Soviet War, when Wilno was seized by Poland. From 1924 until 1926 he was commanding the 19th Infantry Division in Wilno, from 1928 until 1932 a commanding officer of the 25th Infantry Division in Kalisz and from 1932 until 1939 a commanding officer of the Corps area (okreg korpusu) in Grodno, Lwów and Toruń.
World War II
During the Polish Defensive War of 1939, he was commanding the Operation Group (grupa operacyjna) of the "Armia Pomorze" (Pomeranian Army). He fought in the Battle of Bzura and was the second-in-command of "Armia Warszawa" (Army Warsaw) which was commanded by general Juliusz Rómmel, during the defence of Warsaw.
In occupied Poland, on 27 September 1939 he founded the resistance movement "Służba Zwycięstwu Polski" (Polish Victory Service)[1][3] and was its commander-in-chief until December 1939, when he became the commanding officer of the "3rd Lwów area (ZWZ)"[4] under Soviet occupation. Crossing the new German-Soviet border, in March 1940 he was arrested and imprisoned by the NKVD.[5]
After being released from prison, Tokarzewski was appointed a commanding officer of the "6th Infantry Division" of the Polish Army in the Soviet Union (Anders Army) in August 1941. From March 1943 until 1944 he served as the second-in-command of the Polish Army in the East. In 1944 he became a commander of the 3rd Polish Corps which was formed in Egypt.
After World War II
After the war he stayed in exile in England and settled in London. From 1954 on he was the General Inspector of the Armed Forces of the Polish forces in exile. He died on 22 May 1964 in Casablanca, Morocco. In September 1992 the urn with his ashes was transferred from Brompton Cemetery in London to Poland and buried at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.
In 2006, General Tokarzewski's medals and battledress came up for public auction. Two Canadians, who were aware of the unfortunate history of Poland during World War II, were successful in their bid and brought the items to Canada. The two then donated the entire collection to "Poland and the Polish people" during a ceremony at the Polish Combatants' Association, Branch#20, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The collection was displayed at the Branch #20 museum until March, 2007, when it was shipped to Warsaw to be displayed in the Warsaw Military Museum in that city.
Awards
- Commander of the Virtuti Militari Order
- Commander of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Krzyż Niepodległości (Cross of Independence), with Swords
- Krzyż Walecznych (Cross of Valour), 4 times
- Złoty Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami (Gold Cross of Merit with Swords), twice
- Order of the White Eagle (posthumously in 1964 by the Polish authorities in exile)
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Polish Restsiance movement established |
Commander of the Service for Poland's Victory 1939–1940 |
Succeeded by Stefan Rowecki (Armia Krajowa) |
| Preceded by Władysław Anders |
General Inspector of the Armed Forces 1954–1964 |
Succeeded by Stefan Dembiński |
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 Jozef Garlinski Poland in the Second World War, ISBN 0-333-39258-2 Page 40
- ↑ Rosa Bailly A city fights for freedom Leopolis 1956 Pages 276-310
- ↑ Norman Davies God's Playground VolumeII Clarendon, 1986 ISBN 0-19-821944-X Page 464
- ↑ Jozef Garlinski Poland in the Second World War, ISBN 0-333-39258-2 Page 50
- ↑ Jozef Garlinski Poland in the Second World War, ISBN 0-333-39258-2 Page 51
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