Michael IX Palaiologos

Michael IX Palaiologos
Michael IX Palaiologos
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
Reign	1294 or 1295 – 12 October 1320
Coronation	1294 or 1295
Predecessor	Andronikos II Palaiologos (alone)
Successor	Andronikos II Palaiologos (alone), Andronikos III (usurper in Macedonia, from 1321-1325)
Co-monarch	Andronikos II Palaiologos

Born	17 April 1277 Constantinople, Byzantine Empire
Died	12 October 1320 (aged 43) Thessalonica, Greece
Spouse	Rita of Armenia
Issue	Andronikos III Palaiologos Manuel Palaiologos, Despotes Anna Palaiologina, Despoina of Epirus and Countess of Cephalonia Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
House	House of Palaiologos
Father	Andronikos II Palaiologos
Mother	Anna of Hungary

Michael IX Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μιχαήλ Θ΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl IX Palaiologos), (17 April 1277 – 12 October 1320, Thessalonica, Greece), reigned as Byzantine co-emperor with full imperial style 1294/1295–1320. Michael IX was the eldest son of Andronikos II Palaiologos and Anna of Hungary (1260-1281), daughter of Stephen V of Hungary.

Life

Michael IX Palaiologos was acclaimed co-emperor in 1281 and was crowned in 1294 or 1295. In 1300, he was sent at the head of Alanian mercenaries against the Turks in Asia Minor, and in 1304–1305 he was charged with dealing with the rebellious Catalan Company. After the murder of the Catalan commander Roger de Flor, Michael IX led the Byzantine troops (augmented by Turks and 5–8,000 Alans) against the Catalans, but was defeated and wounded.

Michael IX was also ultimately unsuccessful against Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria in 1307, concluding peace in 1307 and marrying his daughter to the Bulgarian emperor. In 1311, Michael IX was defeated by Osman I. Michael IX eventually retired to Thessalonica, where he died in 1320.

A brave and energetic soldier willing to make personal sacrifices to pay or encourage his troops, Michael IX was generally unable to overcome his enemies and is the only Palaiologan emperor to predecease his father. Michael IX's premature death at age 43 was attributed in part to grief over the accidental murder of his younger son Manuel Palaiologos by retainers of his older son and co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos.

Family

Michael IX Palaiologos married Rita of Armenia (renamed Maria, later nun Xene), daughter of King Leo III of Armenia and Queen Keran of Armenia on 16 January 1294. By this marriage, Michael IX had several children, including:

Andronikos III Palaiologos
Manuel Palaiologos, despotēs
Anna Palaiologina, who married Thomas I Komnenos Doukas and then Nicholas Orsini.
Theodora Palaiologina, who married Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria and then Michael Asen III of Bulgaria.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Michael IX Palaiologos

16. Alexius Doukas Palaiologos

8. Andronikos Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos

17. Eirene Komnene

4. Michael VIII Palaiologos

18. Alexius Komnenos Palaiologos

9. Theodora Angelina Palaiologina

19. Eirene Komnene Angelina

2. Andronikos II Palaiologos

20. Isaac Doukas Vatatzes

10. John Doukas Vatatzes

5. Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina

22. John Komnenos Angelos

11. Eudokia Angelina

1. Michael IX Palaiologos

24. Andrew II of Hungary

12. Béla IV of Hungary

25. Gertrude of Merania

6. Stephen V of Hungary

26. Theodore I Laskaris

13. Maria Laskarina

27. Anna Komnena Angelina

3. Anna of Hungary

14. Unknown Cuman chieftain (Kuthen?)

7. Elizabeth the Cuman

References

Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.

Michael IX Palaiologos Palaiologos dynasty Born: 17 April 1277 Died: 12 October 1320[aged 43]
Preceded by Andronikos II Palaiologos	Byzantine Emperor 1294–1320 with Andronikos II Palaiologos (1272–1328)	Succeeded by Andronikos II Palaiologos and Andronikos III Palaiologos

Roman and Byzantine emperors

Principate 27 BC – 235 AD	Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus (Pescennius Niger) Septimius Severus Caracalla with Geta Macrinus with Diadumenian Elagabalus Severus Alexander

Crisis 235–284	Maximinus Thrax Gordian I and Gordian II Pupienus and Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab Decius with Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus with Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus with Saloninus Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus and Numerian

Dominate 284–395	Diocletian (whole empire) Diocletian (East) and Maximian (West) Galerius (East) and Constantius Chlorus (West) Galerius (East) and Severus (West) Galerius (East) and Licinius I (West) Licinius I (West) and Maximinus Daia (East) Licinius I (East) and Constantine the Great (West) Constantine the Great (whole empire) with son Crispus as Caesar Constantine II Constans I Magnentius with Decentius as Caesar Constantius II with Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian the Great Valens Gratian Valentinian II Magnus Maximus Theodosius the Great

Western Empire 395–480	Honorius (Constantine III with son Constans II) Constantius III Joannes as Western usurper in Ravenna Valentinian III Petronius Maximus Avitus Majorian then Libius Severus then Anthemius then Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos (de jure) Romulus Augustulus (Usurper)

Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 395–1204	Arcadius Theodosius II Pulcheria Marcian Leo I the Thracian Leo II Zeno (first reign) Basiliscus with son Marcus as co-emperor Zeno (second reign) Anastasius I Dicorus Justin I Justinian the Great Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice with son Theodosius as co-emperor Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors Justinian II (first reign) Leontios Tiberios III Justinian II (second reign) Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosius III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe Leo V the Armenian with Symbatios-Constantine as junior emperor Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos with sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine as junior co-emperors Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoe (first reign) and Romanos III Argyros Zoe (first reign) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Zoe (second reign) with Theodora Zoe (second reign) and Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos (sole emperor) Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Nicholas Kanabos as usurper chosen by the Senate Alexios V Doukas

Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261	Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris

Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 1261–1453	Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors John V Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos

Italics usually indicate an usurper or co-emperor.

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 120494428 LCCN: nb2010010193

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