Michel Band

The Michel Band also called the Michel Caillehoo, Michel Caillehouis, Michel Caillehow, Michel Calahoo, Michel Calistrois, or Michel Calliho Band^[1] was a group of "Indians" (typically First Nations people, and in this case Métis people) united in a band government. The band was a party to Treaty 6 with the Canadian government, having signed an adhesion to it in 1876. They had an Indian reserve near the present-day Hamlet of Calahoo approximately 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Edmonton, Alberta. Following the Second Riel Rebellion in 1885 many members of the band with mixed heritage choose to take Métis scrip (coupons for land or money) and were removed from the Indian Register.^[2] The few remaining members continued as a band until 1958 when they were "enfranchised" (removed from the Indian Register and given the right to vote) en masse by the Department of Indian Affairs and the band was dissolved. This is the only known case in Canadian history of the federal government enfranchising an entire band. In 1985 many descendants of the historic Michel Band regained Indian Status through Bill C-31. They have since that time lobbied the federal government to once again recognize them as an Indian band with Aboriginal and treaty rights.^[3]

Many band members trace their ancestry to Louis Callihoo, a Mohawk-Iroquois fur trader from Montreal region who married three local women (a Sekani native and two French-Cree Metis sisters) and started a new band. Iroquois may at one time have been the language of the band, but by the late nineteenth century Father Albert Lacombe wrote that most band members spoke Cree or French,^[4] which may also mean that Michif, a mixed Cree-French language, was also present.

First Nations in Alberta

Cultural areas

Historical confederacies

Numbered Treaties

Ethno-cultural groups
and languages

Historically	Eastern Shoshone / Sosoni language Kootenay / Ktunaxa language Gros Ventre / A'aninin language

Present-day	Beaver / Daneẕaa language Blackfoot / Niitsítapi (language) Chipewyan / Denésoliné language Plains Cree / Paskwāwiyiniwak (language) Sarcee / Tsuu T'ina language Saulteaux / Nakawē (language) Slavey / Dene Tha' language Stoney / Nakoda (language) Woodland Cree / Sakāwithiniwak language

First Nation
governments (bands)

Regional and tribal councils

Athabasca Tribal Council
Confederacy of Treaty 6 First Nations
Four Nations Administration
Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council
Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council
North Peace Tribal Council
Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta
Treaty 7 Management Corporation
Western Cree Tribal Council
Yellowhead Tribal Council

Acho Dene Koe First Nation (land claim, based in NWT)
Onion Lake Cree Nation (part of reserve, mostly in SK)
Kelly Lake (land claim, urecognized, based in BC)
Michel Band (unrecognized band)
Papaschase (unrecognized band)
Sharphead (extinct band)
List of Indian reserves in Alberta
Métis in Alberta

The Numbered Treaties: Treaty Six

Numbered Treaties	Treaty 1 Treaty 2 Treaty 3 Treaty 4 Treaty 5 Treaty 6 Treaty 7 Treaty 8 Treaty 9 Treaty 10 Treaty 11

Manitoba	Marcel Colomb First Nation Mathias Colomb First Nation

Saskatchewan	Ahtahkakoop First Nation Beardy's and Okemasis First Nation Big Island Lake Cree Nation Big River First Nation Flying Dust First Nation Island Lake First Nation James Smith First Nation Lac La Ronge First Nation Little Pine First Nation Lucky Man First Nation Makwa Sahgaiehcan First Nation Mistawasis First Nation Montreal Lake First Nation Moosomin First Nation Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man Muskeg Lake Cree Nation Muskoday First Nation One Arrow First Nation Onion Lake First Nation Pelican Lake First Nation Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation Poundmaker Cree Nation Red Pheasant First Nation Saulteaux First Nation Sweetgrass First Nation Sturgeon Lake First Nation Thunderchild First Nation Waterhen Lake First Nation Witchekan Lake First Nation

Alberta	Alexander First Nation Alexis First Nation Beaver Lake Cree Nation Cold Lake First Nation Enoch Cree Nation Ermineskin Cree Nation Frog Lake First Nation Heart Lake First Nation Kehewin Cree Nation Louis Bull First Nation Michel Band (disputed) Montana First Nation O'Chiese First Nation Papaschase (disputed) Paul First Nation Saddle Lake Cree Nation Samson First Nation Sunchild First Nation Whitefish Lake First Nation (Goodfish)

References

↑ "Index of Bands in Western Canada - Western Canada - Bands and Agencies - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
↑ "Michel Band: Metis Who Left Treaty". scribd.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
↑ "Aboriginal, Issue 20, Evidence". parl.gc.ca. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
↑ "Michel Band: Metis Who Left Treaty". Father Lacombe wrote of the Iroquois at the Michel reserve saying their language was almost extinct, replaced by Cree or French

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