Midtown Tunnel (Virginia)

For the tunnel under the East River in New York City, see Queens Midtown Tunnel.
Midtown Tunnel

Traffic on the Norfolk Approach to the Midtown Tunnel
Overview
Location

Portsmouth, Virginia

Norfolk, Virginia
Status
  • Existing tunnel under rehabilitation
  • New tunnel under construction
Route US 58
Operation
Opened existing tunnel: 1962 1
Owner VDOT
Operator Elizabeth River Crossings
Traffic vehicle
Toll
  • Without:
  • $2.50 off peak
  • $2.75 peak
Vehicles per day 40,000 [1]
Technical
Number of lanes 2 2
Operating speed 35 mph
Tunnel clearance 13.5 ft
Width 8.5 feet (without permit); 11 feet (with permit)

The Midtown Tunnel crosses the main channel of the Elizabeth River in the South Hampton Roads area of Virginia where it is one of two tunnels that link the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth. It carries U.S. Highway 58 and operated without tolls until February 1, 2014.

History

The two-lane Midtown Tunnel was completed September 6, 1962, supplementing the Downtown Tunnel and the Berkley Bridge. It was the second fixed crossing directly between Portsmouth and Norfolk across the Elizabeth River. It was financed and built by the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission with toll revenue bonds. In 1988 and 1989, during an expansion of I-264, the Downtown Tunnel and the Berkley Bridge were rebuilt and expanded. Tolls were also removed from the Midtown and Downtown tunnels at that time. Prior to 2007, the westbound lane of US Route 58, right before the tunnel's entry, had an HOV lane that spanned a total of 25 yards. Until its removal during construction in 2007, this lane allowed HOV traffic to merge in right at the tunnel entrance. There is some speculation that this might have been the shortest HOV lane in the United States, and possibly the world.

Issues

Congestion

During its first year of operation, 8,400 vehicles per day crossed through the tunnel. As port traffic expanded between Norfolk International Terminals and Portsmouth Marine Terminal during the 1980s, tunnel volumes increased year over year, reaching 40,000 vehicles per day in 2013, 3% of which is at least a truck with one trailer (as is typical of trucks leaving the port).[1] As this number greatly exceeds its original capacity, hours of congestion are both a routine and daily occurrence at the crossing.[2]

Floodgate Failure

In September, 2003, the Midtown Tunnel was flooded and seriously damaged by Hurricane Isabel. The facility is equipped with floodgates designed for closure to protect it from flooding during extreme weather conditions such as East Coast hurricanes. As flood waters were rising during the storm, workers were unable to remove plates that were both bolted and tack-welded to the roadbed. As a result, the flood gates could not be completely closed and the tunnel filled with an estimated 44 million gallons of water. The tunnel suffered substantial electrical and mechanical damage, but was not damaged structurally. It was closed for nearly four weeks as water and sediment was pumped out, systems inspected, and essential repairs were completed.[3] It was later determined that managers of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) had failed to adequately test the floodgates. VDOT revamped its operating procedures at all of its tunnels in the wake of the incident. Studies of additional harbor crossings have also gained additional attention since then.

Expansion, Rehab and Elizabeth River Crossings

History

The need for expanded capacity at the Midtown Tunnel location has been well known and documented for decades, but developing a successful funding strategy to expand the tunnel has remained elusive over time. In 2006, the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) undertook a study to determine the feasibility of utilizing toll financing to support the region’s high priority unfunded transportation projects, which included the Midtown Tunnel Project. This analysis concluded that the development and enhancements of the Midtown Tunnel and MLK Freeway Extension projects could be financially feasible if tolls were also collected to supplement inadequate public funds. This would include tolling the parallel Downtown Tunnel to create a congestion management plan to prevent the diversion of potential Midtown Tunnel traffic to a competing free facility.

Public Private Partnership

After numerous studies and legislative attempts to fund the project publicly, Governor Bob McDonnell and VDOT in 2011 contracted with Elizabeth River Crossings (ERC) to build a new Midtown Tunnel, rehabilitate the existing Midtown Tunnel as well as the Downtown Tunnels, and extend the Martin Luther King Freeway. Under the agreement VDOT retained ownership and oversight of the tunnels, however ERC will finance, build, operate and maintain the facilities for a 58-year concession period. ERC will also assume risk of delivering the project on a performance-based, fixed-price, fixed-date contract, protecting users and taxpayers from cost overruns and delays.[4][5] Funding is expected from tolls, private equity, contributions from the Commonwealth and a low-interest Federal Highway Administration loan.[6] Operation of the tunnel system was turned over to ERC on July 12, 2012.[7]

Construction and rehabilitation

Fabrication on the new Midtown Tunnel began in November 2012 in Sparrows Point, Maryland. The tunnel's 11 concrete elements are towed down the Chesapeake Bay to the Project site in Portsmouth for immersion and placement under the Elizabeth River. As of March 2015, the first six elements are in place and production of the remaining five tunnel elements is in progress. Upon completion of construction, traffic in the existing Midtown Tunnel will be converted to one-way eastbound from Portsmouth to Norfolk and the new 2-lane tunnel will carry westbound traffic from Norfolk to Portsmouth. Rehabilitation work will also begin in the existing tunnel once the new tunnel is opened. The new tunnel should be ready and open to the public late in 2016, with rehabilitation on the current tunnel to be completed mid-2018.[8]

Tolling

As a part of the funding structure for the project, tolls were established by ERC. Tolls were originally scheduled to begin in late-summer 2012 (in conjunction with ERC assuming operation and maintenance duties in July 2012), however the McDonnell administration authorized a $100 million buydown suspension of the tolls until January 2014. This also gave time for a civil lawsuit to work its way to the Virginia Supreme Court who ruled on the case in November 2013, allowing tolling to begin in February 2014. It will continue through April 13, 2070.

Tolls were originally scheduled to begin at rates of $1.59/non-peak hours and $1.84/peak for cars and $4.77/non-peak and $7.34/peak for heavy vehicles.[5] However, as part of an agreement with ERC, Governor Terry McAuliffe and VDOT agreed to pay ERC $82 million to reduce the toll rates to 75¢/off-peak and $1/peak for cars, and $1.50/off-peak and $4.00/peak heavy vehicles in 2014, with a 25¢ increase every year until the new Midtown Tunnel opens (or until the end of 2017), at which time the toll rates would then return to their originally scheduled rates.[9][10]

After that, rates will increase annually by a factor equal to the greater of changes to Consumer Price Index or 3.5 percent.[11]

Passenger Vehicles
Toll Class Peak Rate 1 Off Peak
E-ZPass 1.50 1.25
Pay By Plate 2 2.75 2.50
Heavy Vehicles
Toll Class Peak Rate 1 Off Peak
E-ZPass 6.00 3.75
Pay By Plate 2 7.25 5.00

Footnotes: Heavy Vehicles are vehicles with three or more axles, including cars with trailers. Rates are as of January 2016. 1 Peak hours are between 5:30 AM – 9:00 AM, and 2:30 PM – 7:00 PM. 2 Rates for Pay by Plate assumes drivers' plates are registered with ERT. Unregistered drivers without E-ZPass will be charged $1.25 in addition to the Pay By Plate rate.

Notes

  1. ↑ Peak hours are from (5:30-9am, 2:30-7pm)

References

  1. 1 2 "AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES with VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION DATA on INTERSTATE, ARTERIAL and PRIMARY ROUTES" (PDF). Virginia Department of Transportation. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  2. ↑ "Project History Midtown Tunnel" (PDF). Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) (February 2007). "Elizabeth River Tunnels - Fact Sheet" (PDF). Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  4. ↑ "Governor McDonnell Announces Contract to Build a Second Midtown Tunnel in Hampton Roads" (Press release). Virginia Department of Transportation. December 5, 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  5. 1 2 "COMPREHENSIVE AGREEMENT RELATING TO THE DOWNTOWN TUNNEL/MIDTOWN TUNNEL/MARTIN LUTHER KING FREEWAY EXTENSION PROJECT DATED AS OF DECEMBER 5, 2011 BY AND AMONG VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, an Agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia AND ELIZABETH RIVER CROSSINGS OPCO LLC, a Delaware limited liability company" (PDF). Elizabeth River Crossings OpCo. p. 152. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  6. ↑ "Cost and Funding" (PDF). Elizabeth River Tunnels. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF DOWNTOWN/MIDTOWN TUNNELS IS FORMALLY TRANSFERRED TO ERC" (PDF) (Press release). Elizabeth River Tunnels. July 13, 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "Midtown Tunnel". Elizabeth River Tunnels. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  9. ↑ "AMENDMENT NO.3 TO THE COMPREHENSIVE AGREEMENT RELATING TO THE DOWNTOWN TUNNEL/MIDTOWN TUNNEL/MARTIN LUTHER KING FREEWAY EXTENSION PROJECT" (PDF). Elizabeth River Crossings OpCo LLC. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  10. ↑ Walker, Julian (January 15, 2014). "Sources: Toll plan cuts rates to 75 cents, $1 - for now". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  11. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". Elizabeth River Tunnels. Retrieved 29 March 2015.

External links

Coordinates: 36°51′31″N 76°18′48″W / 36.85861°N 76.31333°W / 36.85861; -76.31333

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