Miervaldis Ādamsons

Miervaldis Ādamsons
Portrait of Miervaldis Ādamsons
Nickname(s)	The Moroccan Terror
Born	29 June 1910 Poltava, Russian Empire Now Ukraine
Died	23 August 1946 (aged 36) Riga, Latvian SSR Now Latvia
Allegiance	France  Latvia  Nazi Germany
Service/branch	French Foreign Legion Latvian Army Waffen SS
Years of service	1929–1936 1936–1939 1942–1945
Rank	Hauptsturmführer
Unit	8th Daugavpils Infantry Regiment 26th Tukums Police Battalion 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)
Commands held	6th Company, 44th Waffen Grenadier Regiment
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Miervaldis Ādamsons (Latvian: Miervaldis Ādamsons) (29 June 1910 – 23 August 1946) Latvian military officer who during World War II Joined the Waffen SS and got the rank of Hauptsturmführer. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Early life

Miervaldis Ādamsons was born on 29 June 1910, in Poltava. In the 1920s his family returned to Latvia and settled in Cēsis where Miervaldis graduated city gymnasium. In 1928, Miervaldis started theology studies at the University of Latvia. In this period he became a member of the oldest Latvian student fraternity, Lettonia. However soon he left his studies and joined the Merchant navy. During his travels he wisited Africa and South America however due to his sharp character he often got into trouble and finally after a conflict with ship captain he landed in Marsailles, France and joined the French Foreign Legion signing a six-year contract in 1930. There he served in Morocco in cavalry units and was many times decorated for bravery. There he earned the nickname The Moroccan Terror and was promoted to be an NCO.^[1]

After his service in the Foreign Legion he returned to Latvia and joined the Latvian Army in 1937 serving as an officer in the 8th Daugavpils Infantry Regiment.^[1]

World War II

The Latvian Army was disbanded under the occupation of the Soviet Union. When the Germans invaded in Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, Ādamsons was leading a partisan unit in Vidzeme which was involved in skirmishes with retreating Red Army. Later he voluntarily joined the 26th Tukums Battalion and by June 1942 was stationed in the Minsk region – now being involved in operations against Partisans on the opposite side to those he had conducted himself.

In February 1943 Ādamsons was leading a patrol over the frozen Ilmen Lake behind the Red Army's lines. They managed to destroy a soviet ammunition depot and capture a soviet officer.

In April 1943, Adamson was in the 2nd Battalion, Latvian Brigade on the Leningrad front and took part in the Battle of Wolchow where he was severely wounded in the head and eye. He was also awarded the Iron Cross for bravery.^[1]

After recovering from his wounds he was given command of the 6th Company, 44th Waffen Grenadier Regiment, 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian) which had been formed from the Latvian Brigade. He was again wounded in August 1944 just before being promoted to Hauptsturmführer in September 1944. Returning to the front he was involved in the battle of the Kurland Pocket in December 1944 and was again seriously wounded and partly lost his eyesight.^[1]

Adamsons was awarded the Knights Cross in January 1945. Spring of the 1945 he spend in various military hospitals in Courland. During the last days of the Courland Pocket, some of Ādamsons' comrades offered him a place in a boat to Sweden, the destination of many other Latvian soldiers and civilians. He, however, refused to leave Latvia.

Post war

Ādamsons was taken prisoner by the Soviet forces in May 1945. At first he claimed to be a German and was sent to the prisoner of war camp in the Šiauliai but later he was sent to work in the nickel mines at Murmansk. After few months he together with several German officers attempted to escape to Finland in the winter of 1945/46. They were recaptured near the Finnish border. He was sentenced to death for treason in May 1946 after it became clear that he was Latvian.^[1][2]

Miervaldis Adamsons was executed in Riga on 23 August 1946 by firing squad.^[1] In 1993 Ādamsons was fully exonerated by Latvian supreme court.

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class (26 March 1943)^[3]
  • 1st Class (21 September 1943)^[3]
• Close Combat Clasp in Bronze (25 August 1944)
• Infantry Assault Badge (14 October 1944)
• Wound Badge (1939)
  • in Black (15 September 1943)
  • in Silver (12 April 1944)
  • in Gold (1 September 1944)
• Cuff title Kurland
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 25 January 1945 as SS-Untersturmführer and chief of the 6./Waffen Grenadier-Regiment 44 (lettische Nr. 6) der SS^{[4][5][Note 1]}

Notes

1. According to Krätschmer as Waffen-Hauptsturmführer and chief of the 6./Waffen Grenadier-Regiment 44 (lettische Nr. 6) in the 19. Waffen Grenadierdivision of the SS (lettische Nr. 2).^[6]

References

Citations

1. "Ritterkreuzträger Miervaldis Adamsons". Ritterkreuzträger 1939–45. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
2. http://gulags.wordpress.com/2009/04/18/%C2%ABdivpadsmit-viri-uz-mirona-lades%C2%BB/
3. Thomas & Wegmann 1987, p. 19.
4. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 113.
5. Scherzer 2007, p. 188.
6. Krätschmer 1999, p. 834.

Bibliography

• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
• Henschler, Henri; Fey, Willi (2003). Armor Battles of the Waffen-SS, 1943–45. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-2905-5.
• Mitcham, Samuel W (2007). Retreat to the Reich : the German defeat in France, 1944. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3384-7.
• Mitcham, Samuel W (2007). The German Defeat in the East, 1944–45. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3371-7.
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
• Thomas, Franz; Wegmann, Günter (1987). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil III: Infanterie Band 1: A–Be [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part III: Infantry Volume 1: A–Be] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-1153-2.