Mike Espy

Mike Espy
25th United States Secretary of Agriculture
In office January 22, 1993 – December 31, 1994
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Edward R. Madigan
Succeeded by	Daniel Glickman
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi's 2nd district
In office January 3, 1987 – January 22, 1993
Preceded by	Webb Franklin
Succeeded by	Bennie Thompson
Personal details
Born	Alphonso Michael Espy November 30, 1953 Yazoo City, Mississippi
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Portia Denise Ballard
Children	Jamilla Morgan Michael William Espy Ian Michael Espy
Alma mater	Howard University, Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Santa Clara University School of Law, Juris Doctor (J.D.)

Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (born November 30, 1953) is a United States Democratic politician.^[1] From 1987 to 1993, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi. From 1993 to 1994 he was selected to be the Secretary of Agriculture by president Bill Clinton. He was the first African American in that position. He was indicted in 1997.

Early life

Espy was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. He is the grandson of Thomas J. Huddleston, Sr., founder of the Afro-American Sons and Daughters, a fraternal society that operated the Afro-American Hospital, a leading provider of health care for blacks in the state from the 1920s to the 1970s. Espy attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., and was active in student politics, holding several elective positions. He earned his Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law in California in 1978. He was an attorney with Central Mississippi Legal Services between 1978 and 1980 and was later the Assistant Secretary of State to Mississippi Legal Services. From 1980 to 1984 Espy was the Assistant Secretary of the State to the Public Lands Division.

Political career

Espy became Assistant State Attorney General from 1984 to 1985, when he was elected as a Democrat to the 100th Congress in 1986 from Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. He defeated two-term Republican Webb Franklin to become the first African-American to represent Mississippi at the federal level since Reconstruction. He was reelected three times. Just 20 days after taking office for his fourth term, Espy resigned after being appointed Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinet of President Bill Clinton. He served as Secretary of Agriculture in 1993–94.

Espy crossed the party line to endorse Republican Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour in his re-election campaign in November 2007.^[2]

Trial and acquittal

On August 27, 1997, Espy was indicted on charges of receiving improper gifts, including sports tickets, lodging, and airfare. Espy refused to plea bargain and on December 2, 1998, he was acquitted of all 30 criminal charges in the trial. Independent Counsel Donald Smaltz presented more than 70 witnesses in the trial and spent more than $20 million preparing and trying the case.^[3]

The defense rested without calling any witnesses, stating simply that the prosecution had not proved its case. The jury deliberated less than 10 hours before finding Espy not guilty on all charges. One of the jurors stated "This was the weakest, most bogus thing I ever saw. I can't believe Mr. Smaltz ever brought this to trial." At least four other jurors echoed this view, though with softer words.^[4]

During testimony before the jury, the prosecution's star witness told Smaltz in front of the jury: "God knows, if I had $30 million, I could find dirt on you, sir."^[5] During the trial, Smaltz protested that the defense was injecting race into the trial in what he saw as an appeal to a mostly black jury. Barbara Bisoni, the only white juror, said Smaltz's case "had holes" and that race never entered into the two days of deliberations.^[4]

In December 1997, Tyson Foods Inc., the nation's largest poultry processor, pleaded guilty to felony charges of giving Espy gifts.^[6]

In a similar case, Sun-Diamond was fined $1.5 million for giving $6,000 in gifts to Espy. Sun-Diamond won a reversal at the Court of Appeals. Independent Counsel appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals, and found that the gratuities statute requires a link between a gift and an official act. Unable to make such a link, Independent Counsel dismissed the gratuities charge against Sun-Diamond. The unanimous opinion of the court, written by Justice Antonin Scalia, stated that the prosecutor's interpretation of the law was so broad that even a high school principal could be in legal trouble for giving a souvenir baseball cap to a visiting Secretary of Education.^[7]

The Sun-Diamond decision played a pivotal role in the later acquittal of Espy because Independent Counsel was unable to link gifts received by him to any official act.

In a separate case during the same investigation, Espy's Chief of Staff Ronald Blackely was convicted of making a false statement, and was sentenced to 27 months in prison. ^[8]

References

1. NNDB.
2. Archived November 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
3. http://www.oic.gov/SMALTZ/FnlRpt.htm
4. Espy Acquitted in Gifts Case. Washingtonpost.com (December 5, 1998). Retrieved on September 14, 2011.
5. http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/1998/12/07/independant.council.html
6. M. Alex Johnson, Walking the walk, on the assembly line , NBC News, 3/24/2005
7. Supreme Court rules Sun Diamond Growers did not violate federal law in Espy case - April 27, 1999. Cnn.com (April 27, 1999). Retrieved on September 14, 2011.

• Phelps, Shirelle (ed.), Who's Who Among African Americans, Gale Research, Detroit; London, 1998 (Eleventh Edition)

External links

• "OFFICE OF INDEPENDENT COUNSEL - Donald C. Smaltz." CyberCemetery - University of North Texas Libraries & U.S. Government Printing Office. Accessed January 3, 2009.

• United States Congress. "Mike Espy (id: E000218)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.