Miklós Kállay

Noble
Dr. Miklós Kállay
de Nagykálló
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
In office
9 March 1942  22 March 1944
Monarch Miklós Horthy
as Regent
Preceded by László Bárdossy
Succeeded by Döme Sztójay
Personal details
Born (1887-01-23)23 January 1887
Nyíregyháza, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
Died 14 January 1967(1967-01-14) (aged 79)
New York City, United States
Nationality Hungarian
Political party Unity Party, Party of National Unity, Party of Hungarian Life
Profession politician
The native form of this personal name is nagykállói dr. Kállay Miklós. This article uses the Western name order.

Dr. Miklós Kállay de Nagykálló (23 January 1887, Nyíregyháza – 14 January 1967, New York City) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary during World War II, from 9 March 1942 to 22 March 1944.

Career

The Kállay family was old and influential amongst the local gentry of their region, and Miklós served as lord lieutenant (ispán) of his county from 1921 to 1929. He then moved on to national government, serving first as deputy under secretary of state for the Ministry of Trade (1929–31) and later as minister of agriculture (1932–35). He resigned in 1935 in protest over the right-wing policies of Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös. He kept out of politics for most of the next decade before Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy asked him to form a government to reverse the pro-Nazi policies of László Bárdossy in March 1942.

Although Hungary remained allied with Nazi Germany, Kállay and Horthy were conservatives who were unsympathetic to fascism, and Kállay's government refused to participate in the rounding up of Jews and other activities desired by the Nazis. The government also allowed the left-wing opposition (except for the Communists) to function without much interference. In foreign affairs, Kállay supported the German war effort against the Soviet Union. However, he made numerous peaceful overtures to the Western Allies, even going as far as to promise to surrender to them unconditionally once they reached Hungary's borders. The Germans finally had enough of their ally's policies and occupied Hungary in March 1944, forcing Horthy to oust Kállay and replace him with the more pliable Döme Sztójay.

Kállay was able to evade the Nazis at first, but he was eventually captured and sent first to the Dachau concentration camp and later to Mauthausen. In late April 1945 he was transferred to Tyrol together with other prominent concentration camp inmates, where the SS left the prisoners behind. He was liberated by the Fifth U.S. Army on 5 May 1945.[1]

In 1946 he went into exile, finally settling in the United States in 1951. In 1954, he published his memoirs, Hungarian Premier: A Personal Account of a Nation's Struggle in the Second World War.

References

Sources

Political offices
Preceded by
Emil Purgly
Minister of Agriculture
1932–1935
Succeeded by
Kálmán Darányi
Preceded by
Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer
Acting
Prime Minister of Hungary
19421944
Succeeded by
Döme Sztójay
Minister of Foreign Affairs
19421943
Succeeded by
Jenő Ghyczy
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