Habitat

For other uses of "Habitat", see Habitat (disambiguation).
This coral reef in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area is a rich habitat for sea life.
Few creatures make the ice shelves of Antarctica their habitat.
Ibex in alpine habitat

A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism.[1][2] The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction, utilizing the qualities the species has adapted to survive within the ecology of the habitat. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.[3]

A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil, moisture, range of temperature, and availability of light as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence of predators. A habitat is not necessarily a geographic area—for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host, part of the host's body such as the digestive tract, or a cell within the host's body.[4]

Microhabitat

A microhabitat is the small-scale physical requirements of a particular organism or population.[5]

Monotypic habitat

The monotypic habitat occurs in botanical and zoological contexts, and is a component of conservation biology. In restoration ecology of native plant communities or habitats, some invasive species create monotypic stands that replace and/or prevent other species, especially indigenous ones, from growing there. A dominant colonization can occur from retardant chemicals exuded, nutrient monopolization, or from lack of natural controls such as herbivores or climate, that keep them in balance with their native habitats. The yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis, is a botanical monotypic-habitat example of this, currently dominating over 15,000,000 acres (61,000 km2) in California alone.[6][7] The non-native freshwater zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, that colonizes areas of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed, without its home-range predator control, is a zoological monotypic-habitat example. Even though its name may seem to imply simplicity as compared with polytypic habitats, the monotypic habitat can be complex.[8]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Habitat". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  2. ↑ Abercrombie, M.; Hickman, C.J.; Johnson, M.L (1966). A Dictionary of Biology. London: Penguin Reference Books.
  3. ↑ "Living Things: Habitats and Ecosystems". The Franklin Institute. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  4. ↑ Arneberg, P.; Skorping, A.; Grenfell, B.; Read, A.F. (1998). "Host densities as determinants of abundance in parasite communities". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 265 (1403): 1283–1289. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0431.
  5. ↑ "Microhabitats". Australian National Botanic Gardens, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (An Australian Government Initiative). Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  6. ↑ "Mount Diablo Review" (pdf). Mount Diablo Interpretive Association. Autumn 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
  7. ↑ "1970 distribution of yellow starthistle in the U.S.". Yellow Starthistle Information. UCD.
  8. ↑ Theel Heather J., Dibble Eric D., Madsen John D. (1948). "Differential influence of a monotypic and diverse native aquatic plant bed on a macroinvertebrate assemblage; an experimental implication of exotic plant induced habitat". Dordrecht: INIST and Springer. Retrieved 2011-04-17.

External links

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