Moorish architecture is an architecture of western part of North-Africa and the Iberian peninsula that began during the Islamisation of those regions.
Characteristic elements
Characteristic elements include muqarnas, horseshoe arches, voussoirs, domes, crenellated arches, lancet arches, ogee arches, courtyards, and decorative tile work.
Examples
Among the surviving examples are the Mezquita in Córdoba (784–987, in four phases); the Alhambra (mainly 1338–1390[1]) and Generalife (1302–9 and 1313–24) in Granada and the Giralda in Seville in 1184;[2] Paderne Castle in the Algarve, Portugal; the mosque of Koutoubia and University of Al-Karaouine in Morocco; the Great Mosque of Algiers and the Great Mosque of Tlemcen in Algeria; and the Mosque of Uqba in Kairouan, Tunisia.
Other notable examples include the ruined palace city of Medina Azahara (936-1010), the church (former mosque) San Cristo de la Luz in Toledo, the Aljafería in Zaragoza and baths at for example Ronda and Alhama de Granada.
The term is sometimes used to include the products of the Islamic civilisation of Southern Italy.[3] The Palazzo dei Normanni in Sicily was begun in the 9th century by the Emir of Palermo.
There is archeological evidence of an eighth-century mosque in Narbonne, France.[4]
Moorish architecture by countries
Spain
Major monuments
Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031):
Period of Taifas (11th-13th century):
Nasrid Emirate of Granada (1212–1492):
- the Alhambra (mainly 1338-1390) and the Generalife (1302-24 in two phases), a country palace initially linked to the Alhambra by a covered walkway across the ravine that now divides them.
- Granada Hospital (Maristan) (1365-7)
- Masjid of the madrasa of Yusuf I (1349) in the so-called Palacio de la Madraza
- New Funduq of Granada (14th century)
- Qaysariyya of Granada (15th century)
Portugal
Church of Nossa Senhora da Anunciação (formerly a mosque),
Mértola.
India
Algeria, Morocco & Tunisia
There is a high concentration of Moorish architecture in the Maghrebi states of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia mainly in the cities of Tlemcen, Algiers, Marrakech, Tunis, and Testour.
See also
Notes
- ↑ Curl p.502
- ↑ Pevsner The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture
- ↑ The Industrial Geography of Italy, Russell King, Taylor & Francis, 1985, page 81
- ↑ Islam Outside the Arab World, David Westerlund, Ingvar Svanberg, Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, page 342
References
- Curl, James Stevens (2006). A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (Paperback) (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 880 pages. ISBN 0-19-860678-8.
- Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (2002). Moorish Architecture in Andalusia. Taschen. p. 240 pages. ISBN 3-8228-2116-0.
Gallery
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| The Giralda, built by the Berbers in Andalus |
| Architecture of Béjaïa, Algeria |
| Traditional architecture of Ghardaïa, Algeria |
| Agdal wall, and gardens, Meknes |
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