Lodger (album)

Lodger
Studio album by David Bowie
Released	18 May 1979
Recorded	September 1978, March 1979
Studio	Mountain Studios (Montreux, Switzerland) Record Plant Studios (New York, New York)
Genre	Art rock[1] experimental rock[2] world avant-pop[3]
Length	35:07
Label	RCA Records
Producer	David Bowie Tony Visconti
David Bowie chronology
Stage (1978) Lodger (1979) Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps) (1980)
Singles from Lodger
"Boys Keep Swinging" b/w "Fantastic Voyage" Released: 27 April 1979 "DJ" b/w "Repetition" Released: 29 June 1979 "Yassassin" b/w "Repetition" Released: June 1979 "Look Back in Anger" b/w "Repetition" Released: 20 August 1979

Lodger is the thirteenth studio album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 1979. The last of the 'Berlin Trilogy' recorded in collaboration with Brian Eno, it was produced in Switzerland and New York City, and was more accessible than its immediate predecessors Low and "Heroes", having no instrumentals and being somewhat lighter and more pop-oriented. It was still an experimental record in many ways and was not, by Bowie's standards, a major commercial success. Indifferently received by critics on its initial release, it is now widely considered to be among Bowie's most underrated albums.^[4][5]

Production

Originally to be titled either Planned Accidents or Despite Straight Lines,^[5][6] Lodger was largely recorded between legs of David Bowie's 1978 world tour and featured the same musicians, along with Brian Eno. Lead guitar was played not by Robert Fripp, as on "Heroes", but by Fripp's future King Crimson bandmate, Adrian Belew, whom Bowie had "poached" while the guitarist was touring with Frank Zappa. Much of Belew's work on the album was composited from multiple takes played against backing tracks of which he had no prior knowledge, not even the key.^[4] Other experiments on the album included using old tunes played backwards, employing identical chord sequences for different songs, and having the musicians play unfamiliar instruments.

Eno felt that the trilogy had "petered out" by Lodger,^[7] and Belew also observed Eno's and Bowie's working relationship closing down: "They didn't quarrel or anything uncivilised like that; they just didn't seem to have the spark that I imagine they might have had during the "Heroes" album."^[4] An early plan to continue the basic pattern of the previous records with one side of songs and the other instrumentals was dropped, Bowie instead adding lyrics that foreshadowed the more worldly concerns of his next album, Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps).^[7]

Style and themes

Though missing the songs/instrumentals split that characterised Low and "Heroes", Lodger has been interpreted as dividing roughly into two major themes, that of travel (primarily Side One) and critiques of Western civilisation (primarily Side Two).^[8][9] The final track on "Heroes", "The Secret Life of Arabia", anticipated the mock-exotic feel of Lodger’s travel songs. "African Night Flight" was a tribute to the music and culture of the veld, inspired by a trip to Kenya that he took with his then-small son Zowie;^[10] its musical textures have been cited as presaging the popularity of world music, Bowie considering it a forerunner of the sounds developed by Brian Eno and David Byrne for My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981).^[4][7] "Move On" was lyrically Bowie's ode to his own wanderlust, sonically his earlier classic "All the Young Dudes" played backwards.^[8] "Yassassin" was an unlikely reggae song with a Turkish flavour. "Red Sails" was inspired in part by the ambient motorik of German band Neu!;^[9] for Bowie, it combined "a German new music feel" with "a contemporary English mercenary-cum-swashbuckling Errol Flynn" to produce "a lovely cross-reference of cultures".^[4]

Of the album's critiques, "Boys Keep Swinging", the first single, was seen by NME editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray partly as a witty riposte to the Village People but also, combined with its cross-dressing video clip, a comment on ideas of masculinity; musically it was notable for guitarist Carlos Alomar and drummer Dennis Davis in the unfamiliar roles of drummer and bass player, respectively.^[8] According to Tony Visconti, the song featured the "exact same chord changes and structure, even the same key" as "Fantastic Voyage", Bowie's take on the possibility of nuclear war.^[11] The second single, "D.J.", took a sardonic look at the world of the disc jockey. "Repetition", Bowie's exploration of the mind of an abusive partner, was sung in a deliberately unemotional tone that highlighted the lyric and the unnatural slur of the bass guitar.^[8] "Red Money" added new words to a Bowie/Alomar tune that had originally appeared as "Sister Midnight", with lyrics by Iggy Pop, on the latter's album The Idiot.^[5]

Packaging

Bowie collaborated with British pop artist Derek Boshier on the cover design. The original gatefold album sleeve featured a full-length shot of Bowie by photographer Brian Duffy as an accident victim, heavily made up with an apparently broken nose. For effect, the image was deliberately of low resolution, taken with a Polaroid SX-70 type camera. The inside of the gatefold included pictures of Che Guevara's corpse, Mantegna’s Lamentation over the Dead Christ, and Bowie being readied for the cover photo.^[8][12] These images were not reproduced in the Rykodisc CD reissue in 1991.

Release and aftermath

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[3]
Robert Christgau	A–[13]
MusicHound	3/5[14]
Pitchfork Media	8.5/10[15]
Rolling Stone	(unfavourable)[16]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[17]
Smash Hits	6/10[18]
Spin Alternative Record Guide	8/10[19]

Lodger received relatively poor reviews on its original release, Rolling Stone calling it "one of his weakest... scattered, a footnote to "Heroes", an act of marking time",^[20] and Melody Maker finding it "slightly faceless".^[5] In Smash Hits the album was described as sounding like "a ragbag of rejects from previous styles" with "only occasional flashes of genius".^[18] It was also criticised for having a thinner, muddier mix than Bowie's previous albums.^[5] Lodger peaked at No. 4 in the UK charts and No. 20 in the US at a time when the artist was being "out-Bowied" commercially by his new wave "children" such as Gary Numan.^[4]

Soon after its release, Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray predicted that Lodger would "have to 'grow in potency' over a few years, but eventually it will be accepted as one of Bowie's most complex and rewarding projects".^[8] While biographer Christopher Sandford calls it a "slick, calculatedly disposable record",^[10] author David Buckley contends that "its stature grows with each passing year",^[4] and Nicholas Pegg sums up, "undervalued and obscure practically from the moment of its release, its critical re-evaluation is long overdue".^[5] Electronica/techno artist Moby would later state that the only reason he got his first job (as a golf caddy) was so that he could afford to buy Lodger, which had just come out. Built to Spill would reference the album in their song "Distopian Dream Girl" taken from their 1994 album There's Nothing Wrong With Love.^[21]

Track listing

All lyrics written by David Bowie; all music composed by Bowie and Brian Eno, except where noted.

Side one
No.	Title	Length
1.	"Fantastic Voyage"	2:55
2.	"African Night Flight"	2:54
3.	"Move On" (Bowie)	3:16
4.	"Yassassin" (Bowie)	4:10
5.	"Red Sails"	3:43

No.	Title	Length
6.	"DJ" (Bowie, Eno, Carlos Alomar)	3:59
7.	"Look Back in Anger"	3:08
8.	"Boys Keep Swinging"	3:17
9.	"Repetition" (Bowie)	2:59
10.	"Red Money" (Bowie, Alomar)	4:17

Reissues

Lodger has been re-released several times on CD. RCA first issued the album on CD in 1985. Rykodisc (in the USA) and EMI (elsewhere) released a version with two bonus tracks in 1991. The most recent iteration appeared in 1999 on EMI (featuring 24-bit digitally remastered sound and no bonus tracks); subsequent editions are merely repackagings of the current EMI edition.

1991 reissue bonus tracks
No.	Title	Length
11.	"I Pray, Olé" (Previously unreleased track, recorded 1979)	3:59
12.	"Look Back in Anger" (New version, recorded 1988)	6:59

Personnel

• David Bowie – vocals, backing vocals, piano, guitar, synthesizer, Chamberlin, producer
• Tony Visconti – backing vocals, guitar, mandolin, bass guitar, producer, recording engineer, mixing engineer
• Brian Eno – synthesizers, ambient drone, prepared piano, cricket menace, guitar treatments, horse trumpet, eroica horn, piano, backing vocals
• Adrian Belew – guitar, mandolin
• Carlos Alomar – guitar, drums on "Boys Keep Swinging"
• Dennis Davis – percussion, drums, bass guitar on "Boys Keep Swinging"
• George Murray – bass guitar
• Sean Mayes – piano
• Simon House – violin, mandolin
• Roger Powell – synthesizer
• Stan Harrison – saxophone
• David Richards – recording engineer
• Rod O'Brien – mixing engineer

Charts

Weekly charts Chart (1979) Position Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart[22] 11 Austrian Albums Chart[23] 13 Canadian RPM Albums Chart[24] 15 Dutch Mega Albums Chart[25] 5 French SNEP Albums Chart[26] 11 Japanese Oricon LP Chart[27] 32 New Zealand Albums Chart[28] 3 Norwegian Albums Chart[29] 11 Swedish Albums Chart[30] 9 UK Albums Chart[31] 4 US Billboard 200[32] 20

Year-end charts Chart (1979) Position Australian Albums Chart[22] 67 Canadian Albums Chart[33] 72 Dutch Albums Chart[34] 55 French Albums Chart[35] 58 Certifications Region Certification Sales/shipments Netherlands (NVPI)[36] Gold 50,000^^ United Kingdom (BPI)[37] Gold 100,000^^ ^^shipments figures based on certification alone

References

1. "Ranking: Every David Bowie Album From Worst to Best". Consequence of Sound. January 8, 2016.
2. BLACKARD, CAP, WREN GRAVES AND ERIN MANNING. "A Beginner's Guide to David Bowie". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
3. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Lodger - David Bowie". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
4. David Buckley (1999). Strange Fascination – David Bowie: The Definitive Story: pp.335–356
5. Nicholas Pegg (2000). The Complete David Bowie: pp.310–312
6. http://view.e.wmg.com/?j=fe8d16757666037b7c&m=fe9a12727767077875&ls=fe261772756d037a731774&l=fef717767c6105&s=fe521c7572600c757511&jb=ffcf14&ju=fe5c16797264017c7d17&eml=2015July6/2532769/6223350&etsubid=85748805&r=0
7. Ian Gittens (2007). "Art Decade", MOJO 60 Years of Bowie: pp.70–73
8. Roy Carr & Charles Shaar Murray (1981). Bowie: An Illustrated Record: pp.102–107
9. Nicholas Pegg (2000). Op Cit: pp.172–173
10. Christopher Sandford (1996, 1997). Loving the Alien: pp.177–191
11. Nicholas Pegg (2000). Op Cit: p.74
12. Derek Boshier Web Site
13. "CG: david bowie". Robert Christgau. 5 August 1976. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
14. Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel (eds) (1999). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. p. 151. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
15. Powell, Mike (January 22, 2015). "David Bowie: Lodger". Pitchfork Media.
16. Greil Marcus (9 August 1979). "Lodger by David Bowie | Rolling Stone Music | Music Reviews". Rollingstone.com. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
17. "David Bowie: Album Guide". rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
18. Starr, Red. "Albums". Smash Hits (31 May - 13 June 1979): 25.
19. "David Bowie: Lodger". Acclaimedmusic.net. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
20. Rolling Stone review
21. Gordinier, Jeff (31 May 2002), "Loving the Aliens", Entertainment Weekly, no. 656, pp. 26–34
22. Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
23. "David Bowie – Lodger – austriancharts.at" (ASP). Retrieved 31 January 2014.
24. "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 31, No. 19" (PHP). RPM. 4 August 1979. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
25. "dutchcharts.nl David Bowie – Lodger" (ASP). dutchcharts.nl. MegaCharts. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
26. "InfoDisc : Tous les Albums classés par Artiste > Choisir Un Artiste Dans la Liste" (PHP). infodisc.fr. Retrieved 31 January 2014. Note: user must select 'David BOWIE' from drop-down.
27. Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970-2005. Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. 2006. ISBN 4-87131-077-9.
28. "charts.org.nz David Bowie – Lodger" (ASP). Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
29. "norwegiancharts.com David Bowie – Lodger" (ASP). Retrieved 31 January 2014.
30. "swedishcharts.com David Bowie – Lodger" (ASP). Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
31. "David Bowie > Artists > Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
32. "allmusic ((( Lodger > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))". allmusic.com. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
33. "RPM Top 100 Albums of 1979". RPM. 22 December 1979. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
34. "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1978". Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
35. "Les Albums (CD) de 1979 par InfoDisc" (PHP) (in French). infodisc.fr. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
36. "Dutch album certifications – David Bowie – Lodger" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
37. "British album certifications – David Bowie – Lodger". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 31 January 2014. Enter Lodger in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select album in the field By Format. Select Gold in the field By Award. Click Search