Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase

Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.25, IDS2) is an enzyme with systematic name mugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating).^[1]^[2] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1) mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O₂

\rightleftharpoons

3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO₂

(2) 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2

\rightleftharpoons

3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO₂

Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase contains iron(II). Mugineic acid is an amino acid excreted by some graminaceous (grassy) plants under conditions of iron deficiency as part of a strategy of solubilizing Fe from the root environment for uptake by the plant. Mugineic acid is closely related to its biochemical precursor, nicotinamine, and to a number of other compounds that also have been identified as phytosiderophores in graminaceous plants: 3-hydroxymugineic acid, 2'-deoxymugineic acid, avenic acid, and distichonic acid. The effectiveness of mugineic acid under iron-deficient conditions is dependent not only upon the iron chelating properties of the Fe-mugineic acid complex itself but also upon the presence of a plant membrane carrier that recognizes and absorbs the Fe-mugineic acid complex almost exclusively.^[3]

References

↑ Nakanishi, H., Yamaguchi, H., Sasakuma, T., Nishizawa, N.K. and Mori, S. (2000). "Two dioxygenase genes, Ids3 and Ids2, from Hordeum vulgare are involved in the biosynthesis of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores". Plant Mol. Biol. 44 (2): 199–207. doi:10.1023/A:1006491521586. PMID 11117263.
↑ Okumura, N., Nishizawa, N.K., Umehara, Y., Ohata, T., Nakanishi, H., Yamaguchi, T., Chino, M. and Mori. S. (1994). "A dioxygenase gene (Ids2) expressed under iron deficiency conditions in the roots of Hordeum vulgare". Plant Mol. Biol. 25 (4): 705–719. doi:10.1007/BF00029608. PMID 8061321.
↑ http://www.soils.wisc.edu/~barak/images/mug_frm.htm

External links

Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14)

1.14.11: 2-oxoglutarate	Prolyl hydroxylase Lysyl hydroxylase

1.14.13: NADH or NADPH	Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO1 FMO2 FMO3 FMO4 FMO5 Nitric oxide synthase NOS1 NOS2 NOS3 Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase Methane monooxygenase 3A4 Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase 24-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase

1.14.14: reduced flavin or flavoprotein	19A1 2D6 2E1

1.14.15: reduced iron-sulfur protein	11B1 11B2 11A1

1.14.16: reduced pteridine (BH4 dependent)	Phenylalanine hydroxylase Tyrosine hydroxylase Tryptophan hydroxylase

1.14.17: reduced ascorbate	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

1.14.18-19: other	Tyrosinase Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1

1.14.99 - miscellaneous	Cyclooxygenase Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) Squalene monooxygenase 17A1 21A2

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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