Muzaffarids (Gujarat)
The Muzaffarid dynasty, sometimes referred as Ahmedabad dynasty, were sultans of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan Muzaffar (later Muzaffar Shah I) who was governor of Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate. Zafar Khan's father Sadharan, was a Tanka Rajput convert to Islam, adopted the name Wajih-ul-Mulk, and had given his sister in marriage to Firuz Shah Tughlaq. When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi by Timur in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His son, Ahmed Shah I established the capital at Ahmedabad.[1] The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire in 1572.[2] The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Begada, reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch.[3]
During the Muzaffarid rule, Ahmedabad grew to become one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the world, and the sultans were patrons of a distinctive architecture that blended Islamic elements with Gujarat's indigenous Hindu and Jain architectural traditions. Gujarat's Islamic architecture presages many of the architectural elements later found in Mughal architecture, including ornate mihrabs and minarets, jali (perforated screens carved in stone), and chattris (pavilions topped with cupolas).
Sultans of Gujarat Sultanate
| Title/Name[4] | Personal Name | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول |
Zafar Khan | 1391 - 1403 (1st Reign) | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah I نصیر الدین محمد شاہ اول |
Tatar Khan | 1403 - 1404 | |
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول |
Zafar Khan | 1404 - 1411 (2nd Reign) | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Ahmad Shah I ناصر الدین احمد شاہ اول |
Ahmad Khan | 1411 - 1443 | |
| Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad Shah II المعز الدین محمد شاہ دوم |
Karim Khan | 1443 - 1451 | |
| Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II قطب الدین احمد شاہ دوم |
Jalal Khan | 1451 - 1458 | |
| Dawood Shah داود شاہ |
Dawood Khan | 1458 | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I (Mahmud Begada) ناصر الدین محمود شاہ اول محمود بگڑا |
Fateh Khan | 1458 - 1511 | |
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah II شمس الدین مظفر شاہ دوم |
Khalil Khan | 1511 - 1526 | |
| Sikandar Shah سکندر شاہ |
Sikandar Khan | 1526 | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II ناصر الدین محمود شاہ دوم |
Nasir Khan | 1526 | |
| Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah قطب الدین بہادرشاہ |
Bahadur Khan | 1526 - 1535 (1st Reign) | |
| Interregnum Mughal Empire: 1535 - 1536 | |||
| Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah قطب الدین بہادرشاہ |
Bahadur Khan | 1536 - 1537 (2nd Reign) | |
| Miran Muhammad Shah III میران محمد شاہ تریہم |
Miran Muhammad Faruqi of Khandesh | 6 weeks; 1537 | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah III ناصر الدین محمود شاہ تریہم |
Mahmud Khan | 1537 - 1554 | |
| Ghiyas-ud-Din Ahmad Shah III غیاث الدین احمد شاہ تریہم |
Ahmad Khan | 1554 - 1561 | |
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم |
Hubboo[5] or Nannu or Nathu [6](a pretender according to Mughal historians) | 1561 - 1573 | |
| Interregnum Mughal Empire: 1573 - 1583 | |||
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم |
Hubboo or Nannu or Nathu (a pretender according to Mughal historians) | 1583 (Restored) | |
| Mughal Empire | |||
See also
Notes
- ↑ Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad. Government Central Press. 1879. p. 249.
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 114–115. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Sudipta Mitra (2005). Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion. Indus Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7387-183-2.
- ↑ The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys Series; Author:Clifford Edmund Bosworth ISBN 0-7486-2137-7, ISBN 978-0-7486-2137-8
- ↑ http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0
- ↑ http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00701023%26ct%3D151%26rqs%3D256%26rqs%3D436%26rqs%3D514%26rqs%3D601%26rqs%3D734