Gishū Nakayama

Nakayama Gishū
Nakayama Gishū in 1955
Native name	中山 義秀
Born	5 October 1900 Shirakawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Died	19 August 1969 (aged 68) Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan
Resting place	Engaku-ji, Kamakura, Japan
Occupation	Writer
Alma mater	Waseda University
Genre	historical novels, short stories
Notable awards	Akutagawa Prize (1938) Noma Literary Prize (1964) Japan Art Academy Prize (1966)

Nakayama Gishū (中山 義秀, 5 October 1900 – 19 August 1969) was the pen-name of a Japanese writer active in Shōwa period Japan. His real name was Takama Yoshihide.

Early life

Gishū was born in rural Nishishirakawa District, Fukushima, in what is now part of the city of Shirakawa. He was a graduate of Waseda University. While at Waseda, he befriended Yokomitsu Riichi, whose poetry he would later compare to the haiku of Matsui Basho.^[1] After his time in the university, he taught English language at a middle school in Mie Prefecture with his new wife, but returned to the Tokyo area two years later to accept a post as an English teacher at a middle school in Narita, Chiba.^[2]

Literary career

While a student at Waseda, Gishū founded a literary magazine, To (“Tower”) together with Yokomitsu Riichi and others, to which he contributed his first story, Ana (“The Hole”).

In 1935, despondent at the death of his wife, he drifted around Japan and drank heavily, but in 1938, he published his first short story collection, Denko (“Electric Light”), and two years later, won the 7th Akutagawa Prize for his novelette Atsumonozaki (厚物咲).^[2] These works were followed by the short stories, Ishibumi (“Monument”), Seifu Sassa (“Swift Breeze”) and Fuso (“Wind and Frost”), which secured his reputation in the literary world.

Gishū moved to Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture, from 1943 to the end of his life and took an active interest in the lending library, Kamakura Bunkō, and the publishing house of the same name.

His experiences as a war correspondent in World War II led to the short story Teniyan no matsujitsu in 1948, about two young intellectuals who died on Tinian in the Mariana Islands towards the end of the war. This marked a new start for Gishū, who later concentrated on historical novels, with the main subject being historical figures fighting for lost causes. These works include Shōan, about the 16th century warrior Akechi Mitsuhide, which won the Noma Prize in 1964, and the Japan Art Academy Prize in 1967.

Gishū died of acute anemia in 1969. Shortly before his death, he converted to Christianity; however, his grave is at Shōrei-in sub-temple of the Zen-sect temple of Engaku-ji in Kamakura. A memorial museum was opened in his home town of Shirakawa in 1993.

Awards

• 1938 Akutagawa Prize---Atsumonozaki,『厚物咲』^[3]
• 1964 Noma Literary Award---Sakuan,『咲庵』
• 1966 Award of the Japan Art Academy---Sakuan,『咲庵』

See also

• Japanese literature
• List of Japanese authors

References

• Kiyohara, Yasumasa. Nakayama Gishu no shogai. Shin Jinbutsu Oraisha (1993). ISBN 4-404-02024-4 (Japanese)
• Mikame, Tatsuji. Nakayama Gishu no rekishi shosetsu. Shintensha (1993). ISBN 4-7879-6755-X (Japanese)
• Kataoka, Yoshikazu. Introduction to Contemporary Japanese Literature (1958). AISN gThkAAAAMAAJ

External links

• Nakayama Gishu Memorial Museum, Shirakawa-city, Fukushima prefecture

Notes

1. Keene, Dennis (1999). Yokoyama Riichi:Modernist. iUniverse Press. ISBN 1583482857. page 121
2. Lane, Dunlop (1999). Autumn Wind and other Stories. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 4805308508. page 257
3. 芥川賞受賞者一覧 (in Japanese). Bungeishunjū. Retrieved 2010-01-27.