Nakhon Ratchasima

ุััััั

ััNakhonratcha4ถถถถถsima, Thailand
นครราชสีมา
Korat City
City Municipality

Downtown Nakhon Ratchasima
Nickname(s): Khorat / Korat

Nakhon Ratchasima Province
ััNakhonratcha4ถถถถถsima, Thailand

Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Coordinates: 14°58′50″N 102°6′00″E / 14.98056°N 102.10000°E / 14.98056; 102.10000
Country Thailand Thailand
District Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima
Province Nakhon Ratchasima
- Settled AD.1656 (Ayutthaya Period)
- as Sanitary districts 3 Jan 1908
- as Municipality 7 Dec 1935
Government
 • Type City Municipality
 • Mayor Surawuth Cherdchai
 • Municipal Clerk Arlom Tangtaku
Area
 • City Municipality 37.5 km2 (14.5 sq mi)
 • Land 37.4 km2 (14.45 sq mi)
 • Metro 767.98 km2 (296.52 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • City Municipality 166,217
 • Density 4,432.45/km2 (11,480.0/sq mi)
 • Metro 444,023
 • Metro density 578.17/km2 (1,497.5/sq mi)
 • Demonym Korat
Time zone ICT (UTC+7)
Area code(s) 044

Nakhonratchasima (Thai: นครนครราชสีมา, pronounced [náʔkʰɔːn râːt.tɕʰa.sǐː.maː]) or (Khmer: នគររាជសីមា) is one of the four major cities of Isan, Thailand, known as the "Big 4 of Isan". The city is commonly known as Korat (RTGS Khorat, โคราช), a shortened form of its name. It is the capital of the Nakhon Ratchasima Province and Nakhon Ratchasima District. Nakhon Ratchasima is the heart of the Nakhon Ratchasima metropolitan area.

Khorat is at the western edge of the Khorat Plateau. Historically, it once marked the boundary between Lao and Siamese territory. Today it is considered a gateway to the Lao-speaking north-east (Isan). Its geographical location is 14°58.5′N 102°6′E / 14.9750°N 102.100°E / 14.9750; 102.100Coordinates: 14°58.5′N 102°6′E / 14.9750°N 102.100°E / 14.9750; 102.100. As of 2010, the municipal area had a population of 142,645.[1]

Etymology

Archeological evidence suggests that in Sung Noen District, 32 km west of present-day Nakhon Ratchasima (Khorat) there were two ancient towns called Sema ("Bai sema" (ใบเสมา) are notable artifacts of the Khorat plateau)[2] and Khorakapura. (Pali púra becomes Sanskrit puri, hence Thai บุรี, บูรี (buri), all connoting the same as Thai mueang: "city with defensive wall".) Noting that, the real names of the two ancient towns are not known and the names "Sema" and "Khorakapura" were only assigned in the 20th century. The latter name was shortened to Nakhon Raj. (Nakhon (นคร) derives from Sanskrit nagara (नगर), "city"; Raj (ราช), from Sanskrit Raj, "sovereign.") The present city name is a portmanteau of Nakhon Raj and Sema.

The city is commonly known as "Khorat" or "Korat" (Thai: โคราช), which is a short version of the ancient Khmer name "ankor raj".

History

The 'Ya Mo Entrance Gate' at the junction of Ratchadamnoen Rd and Hwy 224

Prior to the 14th century, the area of Nakhon Ratchasima was under Khmer empire suzerainty and known in Khmer as Nokor Reach Seyma / Nokor Reach Borei, and Koreach, while Phimai to the north was probably more important.

King Narai of Ayutthaya in the 17th century, ordered a new city built on the site to serve as a stronghold on Ayutthaya's north-eastern frontier. Nakhon Ratchasima was thereafter mentioned in Siamese chronicles and legal documents as a "second-class" city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. A royal governor ruled the city in a hereditary position.

After the final phase of the Ayutthaya kingdom ended with its complete destruction by the Burmese in 1767, a son of King Boromakot attempted to set himself up ruler in Phimai, holding sway over Khorat and other eastern provinces. King Taksin of the Thonburi Kingdom (1768–1782) sent two of his generals, brothers Thong Duang and Boonma, to defeat the prince, who was executed in 1768. Thong Duang later became King Rama I of the kingdom, and Khorat became his strategic stronghold on the north-eastern frontier to supervise the Lao and Khmer tributary states.

Nakhon Ratchasima Station Railway.

In 1826, Vientiane King Chao Anouvong, perceiving Siam as weakened, attacked Khorat in the Laotian Rebellion against King Rama III that was to rage on for two years.[3] Lady Mo, the wife of the deputy governor at the time, is credited with having freed the city from Anouvong's army, and has been honored with a statue in the center of downtown Khorat. A full account of the war and its impact on Laos and Siam, is well-detailed in the book, Lady Mo and Heroism at Tung Samrit, written by Frank G Anderson. The city's old wall, east of the monument was designed and built by a French engineer who is believed to be the one who also built Naraimaharaj Palace in Lopburi. The French-based design is reflected in the moat system that surrounds the innermost portion of the city.

Nakhon Ratchasima continued to be an important political and economic center in the north-eastern region under the Monthon administrative reforms of the late 19th century. In November 1900, the Royal State Railways of Siam began operation of the Nakhon Ratchasima Line from Bangkok with Khorat Station as its terminus. The Ubon Ratchathani Line to the town of Warin opened 1 November 1922. The Thanon Chira Junction to Khon Kaen opened on 1 April 1933. Khorat station was changed to Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station in 1934.

In October 1933, after the Siamese revolution of 1932 ended the absolute monarchy, the city became the headquarters of the Boworadet Rebellion, an abortive uprising against the new government in Bangkok.

In April 1981 during another attempted coup, the government, together with the royal family, took refuge in Khorat.

From 1962-1976, during the Vietnam War, Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base hosted components of the Royal Thai Air Force, the United States Air Force, and a complement of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF). After the US withdrawal in 1976, the Thai Air Force assumed full control. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the airfield was jointly operated as a civil airport for Nakhon Ratchasima. This ended with the opening of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport in the early 1990s.

On 13 August 1993, Thailand's worst hotel disaster happened in the city, the collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel, killing 137 people.[4]

Khorat City panorama from Fort Suranaree Hospital

Transportation

Songthaew Rte 4129 waits on Ratchadamnoen Rd. This one goes to Korat Zoo via The Mall

Nakhon Ratchasima is on the north-eastern railway line, connecting Bangkok with Ubon Ratchathani and Nong Khai. Also passing the city is Mittraphap Road (Thailand Route 2).

26 km east of the city is the Nakhon Ratchasima Airport. As at 30 November 2006, however, the airport does not handle passenger traffic, and shipping has not been seen as a major commercial possibility. Several attempts to run passenger services have ended in failure, despite charges as low as 99 baht to fly to Bangkok, and authorities are still discussing ways to make the 400 million baht investment a paying venture. Happy Air (HPY) planned to fly from Nakhon Ratchasima to Chiang Mai and Bangkok with the 33-seat Swedish built Saab 340 with services intended to begin in August 2010. However, there are still no scheduled air services operating from the airport.[5]

Major points of interest

Klang Plaza department store dominates the central Korat skyline
Main Gate, Khorat

Khorat has become increasingly attractive to foreigners during the last five years with growing numbers mainly from North America and Europe making their homes in the province. Still rustic, with cheap housing and land prices, the province is only three hours' drive from Bangkok (by bus or train), and as its "gateway to the north-east" moniker suggests, Khorat connects the other 18 north-east Thailand provinces with the central region by rail and highway.

Korat cat

Korat Cat (Si-Sawat)

(Thai: โคราช, มาเลศ, สีสวาด, rtgs: Khorat, Malet, Sisawat)

The Korat is a natural breed, and one of the oldest stable cat breeds. Originating in Thailand, it is named after the Nakhon Ratchasima province (widely called "Korat" by Thai people). In Thailand the breed is known as Si-Sawat, meaning "colour of the sawat seed". They are known colloquially as the "good luck cat" and are given in pairs to newlyweds or to people who are highly esteemed, for good luck. Until recently, Korats were not sold, but only given as gifts.

Korats first appeared in Britain under the name "Blue Siamese" in 1889 and 1896, but as these solid blue cats did not conform to the cat show judges' perception of a Siamese cat they disappeared by 1901. One early import, "Dwina", owned by Russian Blue breeder Mrs Constance Carew-Cox and mentioned in Frances Simpson's The Book of the Cat (1903), reputedly produced a large number of "Siamese" kittens; the other, Mrs B. Spearman's Blue Siamese male, "Nam Noi", was disqualified as a Siamese, but accepted in the Russian or Any Other Blue class in which he placed first (WR Hawkins, "Around the Pens" July 1896). Spearman tried unsuccessfully to import more of these "Blue Siamese".

Korats first appeared in America in the 1950s. In 1959, Cedar Glen cattery was the first to import a pair of Korats to the US for breeding: a male named Nara and a female named Darra. The Korat was introduced to the UK by Betty Munford of the High Street, Hungerford.

Climate

There are generally three seasons in the region: Hot (February - May), Rainy (May - October), Cold (October - February). In the cold season, minimum temperatures in Korat proper will drop to about 18 °C (64 °F), and in rural areas, down to about 12 °C (54 °F).

Climate data for Nakhon Ratchasima(1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.7
(87.3)		 33.6
(92.5)		 35.6
(96.1)		 36.5
(97.7)		 35.0
(95)		 34.4
(93.9)		 33.8
(92.8)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.2
(90)		 31.0
(87.8)		 30.1
(86.2)		 29.3
(84.7)		 32.95
(91.32)
Average low °C (°F) 18.5
(65.3)		 21.0
(69.8)		 23.2
(73.8)		 24.9
(76.8)		 25.0
(77)		 25.1
(77.2)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.2
(73.8)		 21.1
(70)		 18.3
(64.9)		 22.79
(73.03)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 8.2
(0.323)		 16.1
(0.634)		 37.1
(1.461)		 72.2
(2.843)		 154.1
(6.067)		 104.5
(4.114)		 120.9
(4.76)		 157.2
(6.189)		 228.3
(8.988)		 146.3
(5.76)		 23.9
(0.941)		 2.7
(0.106)		 1,071.5
(42.186)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 1 2 5 8 15 13 15 16 19 12 4 1 111
Average relative humidity (%) 64 62 61 65 73 72 73 75 80 78 71 66 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 284.2 245.1 253.8 248.1 237.5 208.6 194.6 187.3 169.0 233.4 257.3 282.0 2,800.9
Source: Thai Meteorological Department (Normal 1981-2010), (Avg. rainy days 1961-1990)

Education

Statue of Lady Mo, Khorat city centre.

Universities

There are 4 universities in the area.

Schools

International schools

Facilities

Hospitals

Bangkok-Ratchasima Hospital

Shopping centres and department stores

Sports

His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary, 5 Dec 2007 Sports Complex.

80th Birthday Stadium

The 80th Birthday Stadium is a sports facility in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. It is the main stadium in His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary, 5th December 2007 Sports Complex. It is home to Nakhon Ratchasima FC, a Thailand Premier League team and was used for the 2007 SEA Games.

The stadium is in the former SEA Games sports complex on Highway 304 (Pak Thong Chai Road) to the south-west of the city of Nakhon Ratchasima. The stadium is all-seater with capacity for 20,000 spectators. The tribunes form a continuous ring, almost a perfect circle, around the pitch and running track. The stands are uncovered on three sides but a huge cantilevered roof provides cover for about 7,000 seats on one side where the ring rises to approximately double the height of the tribune it faces. Most of the seats in the stadium are bright orange (the same colour as Nakhon Ratchasima FC's home kit) and are the fixed-bucket style. In the main stand some of the seats at the top of the tribune are red and those in the VIP section are not fixed bucket, but the tip-up type favoured in the UK. In the lower sections of the main stand the initials SAT (Sports Authority of Thailand) are picked out in blue. The equivalent letters in Thai script are also picked out in blue. There are commentary boxes and private suites at the top of the main stand. There is also a large royal box in the middle of the main stand. At the northern end of the stadium is a large scoreboard. At the opposite end are the three flagpoles used for the SEA Games and the place where the Olympic flame burned.

Football clubs

Local media

Newspapers

See also

References

  1. ↑ Department of Provincial Administration, Ministry of Interior, Royal Thai Government. 16 August 2010
  2. ↑ Phetsanghan, Phairot; Chantachon, Songkoon; Yodmalee, Boonsom (2009). "Sema Hin Isan, the Origin of the Temple Boundary Stones in north-east Thailand". The Social Sciences (Medwell Journals) 4 (2): 186–190. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
  3. ↑ Chandler, David P.; Roff, William R.; Smail, John R.W.; Steinberg, David Joel; Taylor, Robert H.; Woodside, Alexander & Wyatt, David K. (1987) [1971]. "13 Siam, 1767–1868". In David, Steinberg. In search of south-east Asia (Revised ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 113–117. ISBN 0-8248-1110-0. OCLC 500095794. Lay summary (Jan 8, 2008).
  4. ↑ "Court orders five to pay Bt152 million compensation for Korat Hotel collapse". The Nation. 7 March 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  5. ↑ "Nakhon Ratchasima Airport". Flightstats.com. Retrieved 29 April 2012.

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