National trauma
A national trauma is a crisis or a tragic experience which affects the spirit of a nation or an ethnicity, sometimes for generations to come. Large-scale disasters like war or genocide inevitably have this effect, but in an otherwise stable and prosperous country even a specific event (like an assassination of the leader or a transport disaster) can be traumatic.
Examples of national traumas
- Australia: Defeat in the Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli), ongoing threat of invasion during Pacific War during World War II (in particular the Bombing of Darwin by Imperial Japan), 2002 Bali bombings
- Argentina: Dirty War
- Cambodia: Cambodian Genocide
- Denmark: Second Schleswig War, Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
- France: Loss of Alsace-Lorraine, November 2015 Paris attacks
- Germany: Treaty of Versailles, defeat in World War II, Berlin Wall
- India: 2001 Indian Parliament attack, 2006 Mumbai train bombings, 2008 Ahmedabad blasts
- Iraq: 2003 Invasion of Iraq
- Ireland: Great Famine
- Israel: Holocaust, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
- Japan: Black Ships, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Netherlands: The 2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 crash
- Norway: 2011 Norway attacks
- Peru: War of the Pacific
- Portugal: Battle of Alcácer Quibir
- Russia and Soviet Union: Russo-Japanese War, World War I, Russian Civil War, Operation Barbarossa
- South Korea: KAL 007, Gwangju Uprising, April Revolution, Suicide of Jeon Tae-il, Sampoong Department Store collapse, Seongsu Bridge collapse, Sinking of the MV Sewol
- Spain: Spanish–American War
- Sweden: Treaty of Fredrikshamn, Assassination of Olof Palme, M/S Estonia shipwreck, Gothenburg riots, Gothenburg discothèque fire, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
- Turkey/Ottoman Empire: Treaty of Sèvres
- United Kingdom: Battle of the Somme, Death of Diana, Princess of Wales
- United States: American Civil War, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Vietnam War, September 11, 2001 attacks
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