Native schools

In New Zealand, native schools were established to provide education for Māori.

Church and missionary schools

Until the 1860s, the government subsidised church schools for Māori. Early missionary schools were often conducted in the Māori language, which was the predominant language throughout the early part of the 19th century. By the 1860s, three-quarters of the Māori population could read in Māori and two-thirds could write in Māori. The Education Ordinance of 1847 provided funding for mission schools and required them to conduct classes in English in order to receive subsidies. The New Zealand Wars however forced the closing of most of the mission schools.^[1]

Native schools

The Native Schools Act of 1867 was a major shift in policy. Rather than helping churches to rebuild mission schools after the wars, the government offered secular, state-controlled, primary schools to Māori communities who petitioned for them. In return for providing a suitable site, the government provided a school, teacher, books, and materials.^[2] The act required that English be the only language used in the education of Māori children,^[3] and Māori were generally strongly supportive of their children learning English as they saw benefits in being able to work with Pākehā.^[4]

James Henry Pope (1837–1913) was appointed the organising inspector of native schools in January 1880 and he issued a Native Schools Code later in 1880 that prescribed a curriculum, established qualifications for teachers, and standardised operation for the native schools. The primary mission was to assimilate Māori into European culture. Māori could attend board of education schools and non-Māori could attend native Schools, although the primary purpose of the Native Schools was providing European education for Māori. Throughout the 20th century the number of Native schools decreased and Māori increasingly attended board of education schools.

The native schools remained distinct from other New Zealand schools until 1969, when the last 108 native schools were transferred to the control of education boards.^[5]

See also

• History of education in New Zealand
• Native American boarding schools in the United States
• Residential schools in Canada
• Cultural genocide

References

1. "Missionaries and the early colonial period", TeAra.govt.nz
2. Tribunal Report on Ngai Tahu Schools and Hospitals
3. Māori Language Issues - Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori - Māori Language Commission
4. Archives New Zealand
5. "The native schools system, 1867 to 1969", TeAra.govt.nz

Further reading

• Barrington, John. Separate but equal?: Māori schools and the Crown, 1867–1969 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2008) ISBN 9780864735867
• Simon, Judith, ed. The Native Schools System 1867–1969: Ngā Kura Māori (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1998)

External links

• Ka'ai-Mahuta, Rachael. "The impact of colonisation on te reo Māori: A critical review of the State education system". Vol 4, No 1 (2011) Te Kaharoa. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
• Māori Education in New Zealand: A Historical Overview The Wananga Capital Establishment Report (Wananga Maori Education Funding claim) Wai 718 (22 Apr 1999) Chapter 2 of a Waitangi Tribunal Report