List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.322
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.322 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked box lutes or necked guitars.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
- 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (lutes)
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.322 : Instrument whose body is shaped like a box (necked box lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on the method used to cause the strings to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
| Instrument | Tradition | Complete classification | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| cuatro[1] |
Colombia and Venezuela | 321.322 | Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings |
| cuatro[2] |
Puerto Rico | 321.322 | Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the Spanish tiple and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings (ten, in five courses of two) |
| dotara[3] |
Bangladesh | 321.322 | Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin |
| drejelire[4] |
Sweden | 321.322-72 | Hurdy-gurdy that uses a rosined wheel to create sound |
| dutar[5] |
Turkmenistan | 321.322 | Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked |
| fiddle violin |
321.322 | ||
| guitar |
321.322[6] | Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides | |
| guitar, Portuguese[7] |
Portugal | 321.322 | Fretted 12-stringed (in 6 courses) instrument with a hollow body |
| Hardingfele[8][9] Hardanger fiddle |
Norway | 321.322-71 | Ornately decorated fiddle with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow |
| nyckelharpa[10] |
Sweden | 321.322-71 | Bowed keyed fiddle |
| suroz[11] |
Balochs | 321.322 | Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a fiddle or sarangi and played vertically |
| tiple[12] Tiple Colombiano |
Colombia | 321.322 | Guitar-like instrument with a neck and four courses of three strings each |
| tres[13] |
Cuba | 321.322 | Guitar-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each |
| ukulele[14] uke |
Hawaii | 321.322 | String instrument derived from the Portuguese braguinha, from the Hawaiian uku lele, jumping flea, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires chords on a ukulele
|
| vihuela[15] viola da mano (Italian/Portuguese) |
Spain, Portugal, Italy | 321.322-71 | Most commonly twelve-stringed, arranged in six courses |
| viol[6] |
321.322-71 | ||
| violin[6] |
321.322-71 | ||
| waldzither[6] |
Germany | 321.322 | mandola-like lute with nine steel strings |
| yueqin moon guitar, moon lute, gekkin, laqin |
China | 321.322 | Two varieties: a round moon-shaped lute with four strings and a short neck, played with a plectrum, common in Northern China, and a variety with a longer neck found in Taiwan |
References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
- Wade, Graham (2001). A Concise History of the Classic Guitar. Mel Bay Publications. ISBN 0-7866-4978-X.
Notes
- ↑ Vandervort, Leland. "Andean Instruments". Musica Andina. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ↑ Figueroa, Frank M. (June–July 2002). "The Cuatro: Puerto Rico's National Instrument". Latin Beat Magazine. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ↑ Begum, Rumena Mohima. "Musicians Stories". World on Your Street. BBC. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
The dotara is the national instrument of Bangladesh.
- ↑ Andersson, Otto (October–December 1911). "On Violinists and Dance-Tunes among the Swedish Country-Population in Finland towards the Middle of the Nineteenth Century". Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft 13 (1): 107–114. JSTOR 929299.
- ↑ "Puppet Theatre". Washington Folk Festival. June 2, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
There was great admiration for his virtuosity on their national instrument
- 1 2 3 4 Wade, pgs. 11-12
- ↑ "Biographical Notes". XVII Macao Internacional Music Festival. Instituto Cultural do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
His book, The Portuguese Guitar, Lisbon 1999, is the first monograph on this national instrument's origins and historical evolution, iconography, organological study and repertoire.
- ↑ "Norwegian Hardanger Music and Dance at UMC Feb. 15". UMUC News. University of Minnesota, Crookston. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
The Hardanger fiddle is considered Norway’s national instrument.
- ↑ Bjorndal, Arne (1956). "The Hardanger Fiddle: The Tradition, Music Forms and Style". Journal of the International Folk Music Council 8: 13–15. doi:10.2307/834737. JSTOR 834737.
In Norway, the national instrument has come to be the Hardanger fiddle.
- ↑ Flores, Gypsy (August 3, 2005). "Swirling and Whirling on the Swedish Dance Floor". PopMatters. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
The nyckelharpa is considered Sweden's national instrument.
- ↑ Badalkhan, Sabir (October 2003). "Balochi Oral Tradition". Oral Tradition 18 (2): 229–235. doi:10.1353/ort.2004.0049.
Notwithstanding the emergence of a strong nationalistic feeling among the Baloch population both in Iran and Pakistan, the existence of pahlawan (professional singers of verse narratives), and the love for suroz (a bowed instrument played as an accompaniment to narrative songs and considered to be the national instrument of the Baloch) among the educated classes, there seems to be no future for the oral tradition in Balochistan.
- ↑ Pinnell, Richard; Zuluaga, David Puerta (Autumn 1993). "Review of Los Caminos del Tiple by David Puerta Zuluaga". Ethnomusicology 37 (3): 446–448. doi:10.2307/851728. JSTOR 851728.
- ↑ "Nelson Gonzalez". Congahead. Based on an interview with Nelson Gonzalez by Martin Cohenlast=McSweeney. Archived from the original on November 4, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
The tres is the national instrument of Cuba, and at first glance you'd probably call it a guitar.
|first1=missing|last1=in Authors list (help) - ↑ Cooper, Mike (2000). "Hawaii: Steel and Slide Hula Baloos". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 56. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
(Hawaiian craftsmen) began to use local kou and koa wood (in the manufacture of the braguinha) and before long the (ukulele) became a national instrument.
- ↑ Gill, Donald (October 1981). "Vihuelas, Violas and the Spanish Guitar". Early Music (Oxford University Press) 9 (4): 455–462. doi:10.1093/earlyj/9.4.455.
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