Negros Island Region

Negros Island Region
  • Rehiyon sang Isla sang Negros
  • Rehiyon sa Isla sa Negros
  • Rehiyon ng Pulo ng Negros
Region

Location in the Philippines
Country Philippines
Island Group Visayas
Regional Center
(Interim)		 Bacolod and Dumaguete¹
Area
 • Total 13,350.74 km2 (5,154.75 sq mi)
Population (2010)
 • Total 4,194,525
 • Density 313.59/km2 (812.2/sq mi)
Demonym(s)
Divisions
 • Provinces
 • Highly urbanized city
 • Component cities
 • Municipalities 38
 • Barangays 1,219
 • Districts 11
Time zone PHT (UTC+8)
Spoken languages
  • ¹ - Bacolod and Dumaguete are interim joint, temporary regional centers for a three-year transition period. Kabankalan and neighboring Mabinay are to be joint, permanent regional centers.

The Negros Island Region (Filipino: Rehiyon ng Pulo ng Negros; Hiligaynon: Rehiyon sang Isla sang Negros; Cebuano: Rehiyon sa Isla sa Negros; abbreviated as NIR) is the 18th region of the Philippines comprising the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental with the highly urbanized city of Bacolod in the island of Negros.[1][2]

The region was created by virtue of Executive Order No. 183 issued by President Benigno Aquino III on May 29, 2015.[3][4]

History

Prehistoric and classical state period

Negros was originally called Buglas, an old Hiligaynon word thought to mean "cut off", as it is believed by geologists that the island was separated from a larger landmass by rising waters during the last ice age.[5] Among its earliest inhabitants were the dark-skinned Ati people, one of several aboriginal Negrito ethnic groups dispersed throughout Asia that possess a unique culture.[6]

The western portion of Negros also became part of the Kedatuan of Madja-as years after the landing of Madja-as ancestors on the neighboring islands of Panay and Guimaras to the west. The Kedatuan of Madja-as was one of only a few independent states in the archipelago that was not Islamized during the Islamic invasion of the Philippines from the newly Islamized Borneo in the southwest.[6]

Colonial period

Main article: Negros Island

Upon arriving on the island in April 1565, the Spanish colonisers called the land Negros after the black natives they observed. Two of the earliest native settlements, Binalbagan and Ilog, became towns in 1572 and 1584, respectively, while other settlements of the period included Hinigaran, Bago, Marayo (now Pontevedra), Mamalan (now Himamaylan), and Candaguit (a sitio of San Enrique). In 1572, King Philip II of Spain conferred the title of Marques de Buglas to the heirs of Juan Sebastián Elcano; the current Marquis is the 17th in line, and resides in Silay City, Negros Occidental.

After appointing encomenderos for the island, Miguel López de Legazpi placed Negros under the jurisdiction of the governor of Oton on Panay. In 1734, however, the island became a military district with Ilog as its first capital. The seat of government was later transferred to Himamaylan until Bacolod became the capital in 1849.

In 1890, the island was partitioned into the present-day provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental. On 9 April 1901, the Second Philippine Commission under the chairmanship of William H. Taft arrived in Dumaguete. Weeks later on 1 May, the civil government under American sovereignty was established, and on 28 August, Dr. David S. Hibbard founded what is now Silliman University, with the help of the first Mayor Dumaguete, Meliton Larena, and The Hon. Demetrio Larena.

Short-lived independence

Main article: Republic of Negros

From 3 to 6 November 1898, the Negrense people rose in revolt against the local Spanish colonial government headed by politico-military governor Colonel Isidro de Castro. The Spaniards decided to surrender upon seeing armed troops marching in a pincer movement towards Bacolod. The revolutionaries, led by General Juan Araneta from Bago and General Aniceto Lacson from Talisay, bore fake arms consisting of rifles carved out of palm fronds and cannons of rolled bamboo mats painted black. By the afternoon of 6 November, Col. de Castro signed the Act of Capitulation, thus ending centuries of Spanish rule in Negros Occidental.

In memory of this event, every 5 November is observed as a special non-working holiday in the province through Republic Act № 6709 signed by President Corazon Aquino on 10 February 1989.[7]

On 27 November 1898, the Cantonal Republic of Negros unilaterally proclaimed independence, but this was short-lived as the territory became a protectorate of the United States on 30 April 1899. The state was renamed the Republic of Negros (Spanish: República de Negros) on 22 July 1899, and eventually dissolved by the United States and annexed by the U.S. Military Government of the Philippine Islands on 30 April 1901.

Second World War

The island was briefly united as a single entity when President Manuel L. Quezon appointed Alfredo Montelibano, Sr., former Mayor of Bacolod as Military Governor of Negros and Siquijor Islands. Col. Jesus Villamor was designated as commander of the guerrilla forces in Negros Island. The island was divided into 8 districts, with Negros Oriental forming a single district with Siquijor Island under a Deputy Governor. Individual civilian provincial administration was restored after liberation.

Beginning in the Second World War was broke out on this island, Japanese fighter and bomber planes invaded and surprising attack around the islands of Negros on December 1941 until the occupation and landed the beaches by the Imperial Japanese forces taking the island on 1942 was established of the military garrisons and bases of the Imperial Japanese Army was station's active in Negros Island. During the Japanese Occupation from 1942 to 1945, the built of the general headquarters and military camp and bases of the Philippine Commonwealth Army from January 03, 1942 to June 30, 1946 and the Philippine Constabulary from October 28, 1944 to June 30, 1946 under the restoration of the Commonwealth regime was station's active in Negros Island between the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental for the military engagements and operations against the Japanese Imperial forces around the islands. Began the encounter conflicts was between the recognized guerrilla units and the local troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army military units was around the islands to conquest the attack by the Japanese Imperial forces from 1942 to 1945 until the ended the encounter of conflicts during the occupation and some withdrew and retreat of all recognized guerrillas by the Japanese military hands until the liberation of Allied forces taken the islands. The U.S. liberation forces landed the beaches and liberated in Negros Island included the two provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental on 1945 and supporting the added by the local regular and constable troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary military units and the recognized guerrilla fighter unit around the preparing attack and defeating Japanese Imperial forces until the ended in the Second World War.

Formation of regions

Regions first came to existence on September 24, 1972 when the provinces of the Philippines were organized into 11 regions by Presidential Decree No. 1 as part of the Integrated Reorganization Plan of President Ferdinand Marcos. Negros Occidental was assigned to Western Visayas (Region VI) while Negros Oriental became part of Central Visayas (Region VII).

Early initiatives

The movement for a single-island region started in the 1980s when officials of both provinces proposed a one-island, one-region unit. At the time, Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental were the only provinces in the Philippines situated in the same island but belonging to two different administrative regions with regional offices located in neighboring Panay and Cebu. This led to the filing of House Bill No. 1477 titled "An Act Merging the Province of Negros Occidental and Oriental into One-Island Region." They argued, among others, that the two provinces "nestle in one common island; have common fowls and beasts in the forest; share the same soil in our plains and mountains; benefit and suffer together from the rivers that snake through our land; and our ancestors roamed the same length and breadth without complications of political, social, economic, religious and lingual obstacles."

The proposal was continued through talks between former Governor Bitay Lacson of Negros Occidental and the late former Governor Emilio Macias of Negros Oriental in 1990. Their successors, former Governor Rafael Coscolluella and former Governor (now Representative) George Arnaiz took the initiative further, first identifying Kabankalan City in Negros Occidental and the neighboring municipality of Mabinay in Negros Oriental, with the two situated on or near the geographic center of the island, as joint regional centers. However, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) turned down the proposal for lack of funds to effect the merger.[8]

Revival of proposal

First page of the Executive Order creating Negros Island Region

In 2013, the one-island region talks were continued by Negros Oriental Representatives Pryde Henry Teves and George Arnaiz and Negros Occidental Governor Alfredo Marañon Jr. with Representative Alfredo Marañon III and Coscolluela.[9] They pointed out that while the creation of a new region will entail substantial costs to the government, it will be advantageous to the people of both provinces because they would not need to travel by sea anymore to process transactions in the regional offices.[10] They also claimed that a one-island region would also result to better coordination between both provinces in tourism, peace and order, environment, development planning, disaster management and road infrastructure. Edward Du, president of the Negros Oriental Chamber of Commerce and Industry, also proposed to convert existing offices of national agencies in the provincial capitals of Bacolod and Dumaguete to sub-regional offices during an interim period if the proposal is approved to defray the costs of establishing a new regional center. Various public officials and representatives from the academe, religious, media and other private sectors aired support for the proposal.[11][12]

Notably, Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo was tagged to be initially opposed to the talks, claiming he was not convinced with a one-island region setup and that his constituents are allegedly not in favor of its creation.[13] He eventually clarified that his original stand as regards the region was being "open" to it and that there were some concerns, such as revenue sharing between the two provinces, that had to be threshed out first.[14]

President Benigno Aquino III directed the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to study the establishment of a new region.[15] The DILG subsequently endorsed the proposal, noting that the new region would mean integrated planning for holistic development, disaster management, tourism promotion, and peace and order management.[16] NEDA affirmed by saying that its studies show that the proposed region is economically viable.[17]

Establishment

On May 29, 2015, President Aquino signed Executive Order 183,[18] joining the two Negros provinces into one region—the Negros Island Region. It separated Negros Occidental from Region VI and Negros Oriental from Region VII, making the total number of regions of the Philippines to 18.[3][4]

Future development

The possible inclusion of Siquijor to this newly formed island region was thought by the Interior Secretary Mar Roxas during his visit in the province. Currently, Siquijor is part of Central Visayas. On average, it takes five hours to reach the regional offices located in Cebu while an hour to get to Negros Oriental. Siquijor used to be a part and later on a sub-province of Negros Oriental, gaining full province status in 1973.[19]

Administrative divisions

Negros Island Region comprises 1 highly urbanized city, 18 component cities, 38 municipalities and 1,219 barangays.

Province or HUC Capital Population (2010)[20][21] Area[22] Density Cities Muni. Bgy.
km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
Negros Occidental Bacolod 57.1% 2,396,039 7,802.54 3,012.58 310 800 12 19 601
Negros Oriental Dumaguete 30.7% 1,286,666 5,385.53 2,079.36 240 620 6 19 557
Bacolod † — 12.2% 511,820 162.67 62.81 3,100 8,000 — — 61
Total 4,194,525 13,350.74 5,154.75 310 800 19 38 1,219

 †  Bacolod is a highly-urbanized city; figures are excluded from Negros Occidental.

Negros Island Region has the least number of provinces in the Philippines (only 2). It has 19 cities (including the highly-urbanized city of Bacolod), making it the second region with the most cities after CALABARZON (which has 20).

Negros Occidental has the most chartered cities among all the provinces in the Philippines. The province comprises 13 cities and 19 municipalities, which are further subdivided into 601 barangays. Although Bacolod serves as the capital, it is governed independently from the province as a highly urbanized city. Negros Oriental comprises 6 cities and 19 municipalities, with 557 barangays.

Transportation

Airports

The Bacolod-Silay International Airport Terminal Building.

International

Domestic

Community

References

  1. ↑ Bueza, Michael (June 5, 2015). "FAST FACTS: The Negros Island Region". Rappler. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  2. ↑ Bustillo, Roy (June 20, 2015). "Negros Island Region is now Region XVIII". CNN Philippines. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Aquino OKs creation of Negros Island Region". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 5, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "PNoy joins 2 Negros provinces into one region". ABS-CBNnews.com. June 5, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  5. ↑ Rahmann, R; Maceda, M. N. (1955). "Notes on the Negritos of northern Negros". Anthropos: 810–836.
  6. 1 2 "History of Negros Occidental". Provincial Government of Negros Occidental. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  7. ↑ Republic Act No. 6709, February 10, 1989 Supreme Court E-Library
  8. ↑ "What Went Before: A history of splits and mergers". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 19, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  9. ↑ "One-island region for Negros provinces revived". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 27, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  10. ↑ Espina, Marchel P. (April 1, 2014). "Talks on one-island Negros region proposal to resume". The Freeman. The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  11. ↑ Gomez, Carla (June 25, 2014). "Island region possible before 2016, Mar says but support data needed". Visayan Daily Star. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  12. ↑ Bayoran, Gilbert (May 22, 2014). "More support one-island region". Visayan Daily Star. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  13. ↑ Ellera, Teresa (August 7, 2014). "One regional guv for Negros ‘not true’". Sun.Star. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  14. ↑ Partlow, Judy Flores (May 1, 2015). "On Negros island region: Degamo denies saying "yes"". The Freeman. The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  15. ↑ "One Negros dream: Aquino won’t commit, points to Roxas". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 27, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  16. ↑ Gomez, Carla (January 6, 2015). "PNoy okay of island region seen". Visayan Daily Star. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  17. ↑ "NEDA: Negros Occ can survive if separated from WV". The Freeman. The Philippine Star. April 19, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Executive Order No. 183, s. 2015". Official Gazette. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  19. ↑ Espina, Marchel P. (June 13, 2015). "Top Negrense officials split on Siquijor joining Negros Island Region". Rappler. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  20. 1 2 "2010 Census of Population and Housing; Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 (Western Visayas)" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. National Statistics Office. 1 May 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  21. 1 2 "2010 Census of Population and Housing; Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 (Central Visayas)" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. National Statistics Office. 1 May 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  22. ↑ "PSGC Interactive; List of Provinces". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  23. ↑ "PSGC Interactive; List of Cities". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 29 March 2016.

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