Airport Link, Sydney

Airport Link

View of the Airport Line as it runs through Mascot.
Overview
Other name(s) Airport Line, New Southern Railway
Termini Central
Wolli Creek
Stations 6
Operation
Opened 21 May 2000 (2000-05-21)
Owner
Operator(s)
Depot(s)
Rolling stock C, M and A sets
Technical
Track length 10 km (6.2 mi)
Track gauge Standard gauge
Electrification Overhead 1500V DC[1]
Operating speed
  • 90 km/h (suburban max.)[2]
  • 43.3 km/h (network average)[3]
New South Wales Metropolitan Rail Area with Airport Link highlighted in green.

The Airport Link (also known as the Airport Line or New Southern Railway) is a railway line in Australia connecting Sydney Airport to the Central Business District and the south-western suburbs of Sydney. With the exception of Wolli Creek, the Airport Line stations are operated by a private company, the Airport Link Company, as part of a public private partnership. The contract allows the company to charge a surcharge on top of the normal fare. The line is served by Sydney Trains T2 Airport Line services.

Alignment

The Airport Link includes a four kilometre rock tunnel and a six kilometre soft ground tunnel.

For most of its length, the line travels underground. It runs south from platform 23 at Central station across a viaduct to the tunnel portal beneath Prince Alfred Park near Chalmers Street. The tunnel roughly follows George Street underneath the suburbs of Redfern and Waterloo. At Green Square station, beneath the intersection of Botany Road, Bourke Road and O'Riordan Street, the line continues beneath Bourke Road to Mascot station, a block south of Gardeners Road.

From Mascot, the line roughly follows O'Riordan Street before turning sharply to the west once underneath Sydney Airport. The line runs westward under the Domestic and International terminals before continuing north-west underneath the Cooks River to reach the surface at Wolli Creek where it joins the East Hills line. The line is two tracks for its entire length.

The two new stations which were built for the airport's International and Domestic Terminals, feature larger lifts and wider ticket barriers to cater for passengers with baggage.[4] Three new suburban stations were built – one each for the residential development areas of Mascot and Green Square, and an interchange station with the Illawarra line at Wolli Creek.

Construction

In 1990, the State Government called for Expressions of Interest to build a line to the airport.[5] In July 1994, the Government announced it had entered a public private partnership with Transfield Services and Bouygues to build the line.[6][7] Under the deal, a private company, Airport Link Company, would cover the costs of building four of the stations. In return they would operate those stations for 30 years and have the right to impose a surcharge on fares for their use.[8] The company's involvement was predicated on passenger estimates and train reliability guarantees that later proved to be optimistic. The State Government would fund (and own) the railway itself and Wolli Creek station.[8]

Construction began on 12 February 1995 with a view to improving facilities for air travellers ahead of the 2000 Summer Olympics.[9] At the time, the main public transport link between the city and its airport were two Sydney Buses express routes, the 300 to Circular Quay and 350 to Kings Cross branded as Airport Express.

A Tunnel boring machine was used for the construction.[10] Manufactured by the German firm, Herrenknecht, it arrived in Australia in October 1996.[11] While the use of a Tunnel boring machine relieved the need for large numbers of workers at increased pressure, a caisson system is formed at the cutting head.[10][12] Workers entering this space for inspection, maintenance and repair had to be trained.[10] Medical direction was utilized for planning compression and decompression, assessment of fitness to dive, training of workers and lock operators, health monitoring of workers and treatment of related injuries.[12] This project was the first time oxygen decompression tables were used for caisson work in Australia.[12] The incidence of decompression illness was 1 case in every 286 pressurizations (0.35%) and this problem affected 5.9% of the workers.[12]

The line opened on 21 May 2000, three months ahead of the Olympic Games, after the State Government had spent around $700 million on the project and the Airport Link Company over $200 million.[13] In conjunction with the construction of the new line, the section of the East Hills Line between Wolli Creek Junction and Kingsgrove was quadruplified. Once this was opened, the running patterns of the trains on the lines changed. The flying junctions interchange near Central station was altered to give the Airport line its own platforms (21 & 23) at Central. Local (all stations) trains generally were timetabled to run from East Hills via the airport, peak hour express trains from Campbelltown run along the original route via Sydenham, taking the express tracks between Kingsgrove and Wolli Creek Junction.

Operation

Green Square railway station

From the beginning, a major criticism of the line was that it is not served by dedicated rolling stock, as has occurred elsewhere such as in the Hong Kong MTR's dedicated Airport Express line. Travellers entering the line at Domestic and International must compete for space with commuters from the East Hills line, and find that the trains have no special provision for their luggage.

Despite the cancellation of the rival Airport Express bus service, taxi surcharges and expensive airport parking, the Airport Link consistently failed to meet patronage targets. Less than a year after the line opened, the State Rail Authority stated that "patronage has been lower than expected to date", but they remained optimistic, believing "that as airport users become more familiar with this facility and the ingrained habits of many years gradually alter, patronage will continue to increase,"[14] In 2000, the Airport Link Company went into receivership, exposing the government to costs of around $800 million.[15] It was put up for sale in early 2006.[16] State Rail blamed "lower than expected patronage" and stated it was working with the company to increase it.[17]

In October 2005, the Government and the company signed a revised agreement on revenue and patronage, settling the latter's claims against the former. The Government paid $34 million to the company, with another $73 million due as CityRail earns revenue from Airport Line business.[18]

Together with the Cross City Tunnel, the Airport Link served to dampen government and business enthusiasm for further public private partnerships in transport in New South Wales.[19]

As the stations commenced operation on 21 May 2000, the ownership of the four stations reverts to the state government on 21 May 2030.[13][20]

Westpac

The stations were purchased by Westpac. In 2009 the business made a profit of A$5.8 million. In 2010 it increased to A$9.3 million.[21]

In March 2011, it was announced that the State Government would cover the cost of the station access fee at Green Square and Mascot stations, meaning that passengers no longer need to pay a surcharge to access these stations. To compensate Airport Link Company, the Government now pays the company a ‘shadow’ station usage fee at a fixed contracted rate of approximately $2.08 per entry and exit of these stations.[22]A fee remains in place for Domestic and International stations.[23] Patronage on the link had been growing at 20% per year, but between March and June 2011 patronage increased by 70% as a result of the reduced fares.[24][25]

Although often perceived as all going to the Airport Link Company, under the revenue sharing agreement, from August 2014 85% of revenues raised by the access fee go to the State Government.[20]

References

  1. ↑ Asset Standards Authority (19 March 2014). RailCorp electrical system general description, version 1.0 (PDF).
  2. ↑ Asset Standards Authority (30 April 2015). Train operating conditions manual – general instructions, version 3.0 (PDF).
  3. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob (24 July 2013). "Smallest stations are biggest losers in new rail timetable". Sydney Morning Herald.
  4. ↑ Airport Link Company, "Airport Link: How to get from the Airport to the City". Retrieved 30 December 2006.
  5. ↑ "Govt to seek private line to Airport" Railway Digest November 1990 page 383
  6. ↑ "Airport Link Funded by Private & Public Sectors" Railway Digest September 1994 page 7
  7. ↑ Sydney Airport Rail Link Transfield Services
  8. 1 2 "The Opening of Sydney's New Southern Railway" Transit Australia Vol 55 no 7 July 2000
  9. ↑ "New Southern Line Construction Begins" Railway Digest April 1995 page 6
  10. 1 2 3 Walters, D. "Sydney Airport Link Rail Tunnel Project, Des Walters: Under Pressure Underground". Descend Underwater Training Centre. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
  11. ↑ "The Tunnel Boring Machine" Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin January 1997 p23
  12. 1 2 3 4 Bennett, MH; Lehm, J; Barr, P. "Medical support for the sydney airport link tunnel project.". Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society 32 (2). Retrieved 8 October 2008.
  13. 1 2 "1999–2000 Annual Report" (PDF). State Rail Authority. 16 November 2000. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  14. ↑ State Rail Authority, Annual Report 1999-2000, p4.
  15. ↑ "Sydney Airport Link Company in Receivership" Railway Digest January 2001 page 6
  16. ↑ Baker, Jordan & Nixon, Sherrill, "For sale: ghost train to Sydney Airport", Sydney Morning Herald, 11 March 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2006.
  17. ↑ State Rail Authority, Annual Report 2000–2001, p?.
  18. ↑ Rail Corporation New South Wales, Annual Report 2005–6, pp. 59 & 81.
  19. ↑ Moore, Matthew, "Open Secrets", Sydney Morning Herald, 31 October 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
  20. 1 2 "Removing or reducing station access fees at Sydney Airport" (PDF). New South Wales Legislative Council. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  21. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob; Besser, Linton (19 February 2011). "Cheaper for some on airport rail link". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  22. ↑ Removing or reducing station access fees at Sydney Airport, Final Report 2013-02-28. . Chapter 2.2 p8
  23. ↑ Green Square and Mascot commuters to save $17 a week CityRail. 2 March 2011.
  24. ↑ Train fares to fall at two stations Sydney Morning Herald 2 March 2011
  25. ↑ Tickets sales rocket on airport line as prices plunge Sydney Morning Herald 9 June 2011

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