New Zealand Church Missionary Society

New Zealand Church Missionary Society
Abbreviation NZCMS
Formation 12 April 1799 (UK parent organisation); 1892 (NZ branch)
Founder Clapham Sect
Type Evangelical Anglicanism
Ecumenism
Protestant missionary
Headquarters 78 Peterborough Street
Christchurch
8144
New Zealand
Website www.nzcms.org.nz

The New Zealand Church Missionary Society is a mission society working within the Anglican Communion and Protestant, Evangelical Anglicanism. The parent organisation was founded in England in 1799. The Church Missionary Society (CMS) sent missionaries to settle in New Zealand. The Revd Samuel Marsden[1] a member of the CMS and the senior Anglican minister in New South Wales), officiated at its first service on Christmas Day in 1814, at Oihi Bay in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

History of the New Zealand Church Missionary Society

In 1892 the New Zealand Church Missionary Association was formed in a Nelson church hall and the first New Zealand missionaries were sent to Japan soon after.[2] Funding from the UK stopped completely in 1903.[3] The association subsequent changed its name to the New Zealand Church Missionary Society (NZCMS) in 1916.[4]

In 2000 the NZCMS amalgamated with the South American Missionary Society of New Zealand.[2] The NZCMS works closely with the Anglican Missions Board, concentrating on mission work outside New Zealand and has been involved in Pakistan, East Africa, the Middle East, Cambodia, South Asia, South America and East Asia.[2]

History of the CMS mission in New Zealand

The Revd Samuel Marsden

Founding of the CMS mission in New Zealand

The CMS founded its first mission at Rangihoua in the Bay of Islands in 1814 and over the next decade established farms and schools in the area. Thomas Kendall and William Hall were directed, in 1814, to proceed to the Bay of Islands in the Active, a vessel purchased by Samuel Marsden for the service of the mission, there to reopen communication with Ruatara, a local chief; an earlier attempt to establish a mission in the Bay of Islands had been delayed as a consequence of the Boyd Massacre in Whangaroa harbour in 1809.[5] Kendall and Hall left New South Wales on 14 March 1814 on the Active for an exploratory journey to the Bay of Islands. They met rangatira (chiefs) of the Ngāpuhi including Ruatara and his uncle Hongi Hika; Hongi Hika and Ruatara travelled with Kendall when he returned to Australia on 22 August 1814. Kendall, Hall and John King, returned to the Bay of Islands on the Active on 22 December 1814 to establish the mission.[6][7]

In 1819 Marsden made his second visit to New Zealand,[8] bringing with him John Butler as well as Francis Hall and James Kemp as lay settlers. William Puckey, a boatbuilder and carpenter, came with his family, including William Gilbert Puckey to assist in putting up the buildings at Kerikeri.[5] The protector of the Kerikeri mission station was the chief Ruatara and following his death in 1815, Hongi Hika accepted responsibility for the protection of the mission.[9]

Butler and Kemp took charge of the Kerikeri mission, but proved unable to develop a harmonious working relationship. In 1820, Marsden paid his third visit, on H.M.S. Dromedary, bringing James Shepherd.[5] In 1823, Marsden paid his fourth visit, bringing with him Henry Williams and his wife Marianne as well as Richard Davis, a farmer, and William Fairburn, a carpenter, and their respective families.[5][10][11] In 1826 Henry's brother William and his wife Jane joined the CMS mission and settled at Paihia in the Bay of Islands. The immediate protector of the Paihia mission was the chief, Te Koki, and his wife Hamu, a woman of high rank and the owner of the land occupied by the mission.

Kerikeri Mission Station with the Stone Store at left, St James at rear and Mission House on the right

Work of the CMS mission in New Zealand

The CMS Mission House in Kerikeri, completed in 1822, ranks as New Zealand's oldest surviving building.[12] In the early days the CMS funded its activities largely through trade; Thomas Kendall, like many secular settlers, sold weapons to Māori people, fuelling the Musket Wars (1807–1842). Kendall brought Māori war-chief Hongi Hika to London in 1820, creating a minor sensation. When Henry Williams became the leader of the missionaries at Paihia in 1823, he immediately stopped the trade in muskets.[13] The mission schools provided religious education as well as English language practical skills. The first baptism occurred in 1825.[14] However the evangelical mission of the CMS achieved success only after the baptism of Ngapuhi chief Rawiri Taiwhanga in 1830. His example influenced others to be baptised into the Christian faith.[12] In 1833 a mission was established at Kaitaia in Northland as well as a mission at Puriri in the Thames area.[15] In 1835 missions were established in the Bay of Plenty and Waikato regions at Tauranga, Matamata and Rotorua. The possessions of these missions were plundered during an inter-tribal war between the Māori people of Matamata, Rotorua and the Waikato river.[16][17] In 1836 a mission was open in the Manukau Harbour region.[6]

The first public notice in New Zealand, printed for Kororarika [sic] by the press of the Church Missionary Society in Paihia, in the Bay of Islands

Translation of the Bible into the Māori language

By 1840 William Williams had translated much of the New Testament into the Māori language. After 1844 Robert Maunsell worked with William Williams on the translation of the Bible, with Maunsell working on the translation of the Old Testament, portions of which were published in 1840.[18] In 1845 the Book of Common Prayer was translated by a committee comprising William Williams, Robert Maunsell, James Hamlin and William Puckey.[19] The full translation of the Bible into the Māori language was completed in 1857.[20]

Influence of the CMS in New Zealand

A press at "Haven of History", a reconstruction of the CMS mission station in Paihia, with a press in the same style of William Colenso's

The concern about the European impact on New Zealand, particularly lawlessness among Europeans and a breakdown in the traditional restraints in Māori society, meant that the CMS welcomed the United Kingdom's annexation of New Zealand in January 1840, with Henry Williams assisting Captain William Hobson by translating the document that became known as the Treaty of Waitangi.[21] Henry Williams was also involved in explaining the treaty to Māori leaders, firstly at the meetings with William Hobson at Waitangi, but also later when he travelled to Port Nicholson, Queen Charlotte's Sound, Kapiti, Waikanae and Otaki to persuade Māori chiefs to sign the treaty.[22] His involvement in these debates brought him "into the increasingly uncomfortable role of mediating between two races".[23]

The CMS reached the height of its influence in New Zealand in the 1840s and 1850s. Missions covered almost the whole of the North Island and many Māori were baptised. Māori converts engaged in missionary work. Two were killed in 1847 when they travelled onto the land of hostile Māori.[24] However the murderers later welcomed a Christian missionary to reside in their land.[25]

The CMS missionaries held the low church beliefs that were common among the 19th century Evangelical members of the Anglican Church. There was often a wide gap between the views of the CMS missionaries and the bishops and other clergy of the high church traditions of the Oxford Movement (also known as the Tractarians) as to the proper form of ritual and religious practice. Bishop Selwyn, who was appointed the first Anglican Bishop of New Zealand in 1841, held the high church (Tracharian) views although he appointed CMS missionaries to positions in the Anglican Church of New Zealand including appointing William Williams as the first Bishop of Waiapu.[26]

Early CMS Personnel in New Zealand

The CMS in London began to reduce its commitment to the CMS mission in New Zealand in 1854 and only a handful of new missionaries arrived after that year. Members of the mission who arrived before 1854 included:

See also

Religion in New Zealand

References

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Bibliography

CMS in New Zealand:

External links

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