Dunedin North (New Zealand electorate)

Dunedin North electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Dunedin North (known as North Dunedin between 1946 and 1963) is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Representatives of New Zealand. It was established for the 1905 election and has existed since. It is currently held by David Clark of the New Zealand Labour Party, who replaced the long-standing representative Pete Hodgson. It is considered a safe Labour seat, with Labour holding the seat for all but one term (1975–1978) since 1928.

Population centres

Through the City Single Electorates Act, 1903, the three-member electorates of the four main centres were split again, and this became effective at the end of the 15th Parliament and was thus used for the 1905 election. The City of Dunedin electorate was split into the Dunedin Central, Dunedin North, and Dunedin South electorates.^[1]

As the name suggests, the Dunedin North electorate covers the northern half of the city of Dunedin. It is bordered by Waitaki in the north, Dunedin South in west, south, and south-east, and the Pacific Ocean in the north-east.

The electorate covers what is the equivalent of the Waikouaiti Coast-Chalmers ward of the Dunedin City Council outside the actual urban area of Dunedin. This includes the population centre of Waikouaiti, Karitane, Waitati, Seacliff, Warrington, Port Chalmers, Sawyers Bay, Roseneath, and Aramoana. The 2013 redistribution saw the electorate expand to include Palmerston, Macraes Flat, Moeraki, Hampden and Herbert-Waianakarua.^[2]

In urban Dunedin it covers most of northern, central and western Dunedin. This includes the city centre and the suburbs of City Rise, Pine Hill, Dunedin North, North East Valley, Opoho, Ravensbourne, Mornington, Roslyn, Maori Hill, Leith Valley, Kaikorai Valley, Brockville, Halfway Bush, and Wakari.

Socio-economic make-up

A notable influence on voting patterns in the electorate is the location of the University of Otago and Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin North. The electorate has the highest proportion of persons aged 15 to 19 in the country, with 14.1%. It also has the highest proportion of people on a student allowance (8.8%), employed in the education and training industry (11.7%), and employed in the health care and social assistance industry (12.3%).^[3]

Dunedin North has a low rate of enrolment compared to New Zealand as a whole. As of 31 May 2012, 78.4% of the estimate eligible population is enrolled to vote, compared to 92.8% nationally. The figure is brought down by the low number of people aged 18 to 24 enrolled — less than half (47.5%) of the estimated eligible population is enrolled, compared to 75.2% nationally. Enrolments of those aged 25 and over are comparable to the national averages.^[4]

History

The electorate was created in 1905, when the City of Dunedin electorate with three members of parliament (and other main centre multi-member electorates) were broken up. From 1946 to 1963 it was called North Dunedin.^[5]

The first representative was Alfred Richard Barclay, who had previously represented the City of Dunedin electorate.^[6] In the 1908 election, he was defeated by G. M. Thomson, who served for two parliamentary terms before being defeated.^[7]

Barclay was succeeded by Andrew Walker representing the United Labour Party in the 1914 election. The remnants of United Labour formed the New Zealand Labour Party in 1916 and Walker became the new party's first President. He served for one parliamentary term until the 1919 election, when he was defeated by the Independent Edward Kellett. Kellett died during the parliamentary term on 15 May 1922,^[8] and this caused the 1922 by-election, which was won by James Wright Munro.^[9]

Munro was confirmed at the 1922 general election,^[9] but was defeated by Harold Livingstone Tapley in the 1925 election.^[10] Munro in turn defeated Tapley at the 1928 election and then served the electorate until his death on 27 May 1945.^[9]

Munro's death caused the 1945 by-election, which was won by Robert Walls.^[9] Walls served the electorate until his death on 6 November 1953. This caused the 1953 by-election, which was won by Ethel McMillan, who served the electorate until her retirement in 1975.

McMillan was succeeded by Richard Walls of the National Party in the 1975 election, who held the electorate for one parliamentary term before being defeated by Labour's Stan Rodger in the 1978 election. Rodger retired in 1990 and was succeeded by Pete Hodgson. Hodgson served the electorate until his retirement in 2011.^[11] Hodgson was succeeded by David Clark in the 2011 election, when he beat Michael Woodhouse. In the 2014 election, Clark was again successful against Woodhouse and managed to increase his majority.^[12]

Members of Parliament

Key

  Liberal     Independent     Reform     United Labour     Labour     Independent Labour     National     Green     ACT  

Election	Winner
1905 election		Alfred Richard Barclay
1908 election		G. M. Thomson
1911 election
1914 election		Andrew Walker
1919 election		Edward Kellett
1922 by-election		James W. Munro
1922 election
1925 election		Harold Livingstone Tapley
1928 election		James W. Munro
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election
1945 by-election		Robert Walls
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1953 by-election		Ethel McMillan
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election		Richard Walls
1978 election		Stan Rodger
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election		Pete Hodgson
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election		David Clark
2014 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Dunedin North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
1999 election		Katherine Rich
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election		Metiria Turei
		Michael Woodhouse
2010		Hilary Calvert[lower-alpha 1]
2011 election		Metiria Turei
		Michael Woodhouse
2014 election		Metiria Turei
		Michael Woodhouse

Election results

2014 election

General election 2014: Dunedin North[13]
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Clark		16,315	47.40	+3.15	11,147	31.82	−1.98
	National	Michael Woodhouse		10,398	30.21	−2.14	11,302	32.26	−0.13
	Green	Metiria Turei		5,978	17.37	−2.14	8,035	22.94	−0.45
	Conservative	Jonathan Daley		621	1.80	+1.80	956	2.73	+1.38
	Legalise Cannabis	Abe Gray		580	1.69	+0.33	172	0.49	−0.08
	Internet	Rob Stewart		255	0.74	+0.74
	Independent	Adrian Daegal Graamans		106	0.31	+0.31
	Democrats	Miriam Mowat		159	0.31	−0.36	37	0.11	−0.10
	Independent	Stan Lusby		62	0.18	+0.18
	NZ First						2,364	6.75	+1.06
	Internet Mana						603	1.72	+1.12[lower-alpha 2]
	Māori						124	0.35	−0.07
	ACT						111	0.32	−0.41
	United Future						86	0.25	−0.29
	Ban 1080						60	0.17	+0.17
	Civilian						27	0.08	+0.08
	Independent Coalition						7	0.02	+0.02
	Focus						1	0.00	+0.00
Informal votes				216			99
Total Valid votes				34,636			35,131
Turnout				35,230	79.88	+11.50
	Labour hold		Majority	5,917	17.19	+5.29

2011 election

General election 2011: Dunedin North[14]
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Clark		12,976	44.25	−8.37	10,127	33.80	−10.44
	National	Michael Woodhouse		9,487	32.35	+1.71	9,707	32.39	+3.04
	Green	Metiria Turei		5,721	19.51	+8.42	7,010	23.39	+7.58
	Legalise Cannabis	Julian Crawford		398	1.36	−0.13	172	0.57	+0.14
	Alliance	Victor Billot		210	0.72	−0.66	50	0.17	−0.15
	Democrats	Jeremy Noble		196	0.67	+0.35	62	0.21	+0.10
	United Future	Peter George		176	0.60	−0.10	183	0.61	−0.33
	ACT	Guy McCallum		159	0.54	−1.22	218	0.73	−1.54
	NZ First						1,706	5.69	+2.27
	Conservative						405	1.35	+1.35
	Mana						181	0.60	+0.60
	Māori						126	0.42	−0.28
	Libertarianz						18	0.06	+0.03
Informal votes				448			190
Total Valid votes				29,323			29,965
	Labour hold		Majority	3,489	11.90	−10.09

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 40,356^[15]

2008 election

General election 2008: Dunedin North[16]
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Pete Hodgson		17,127	52.62	−2.46	14,608	44.24	−10.58
	National	Michael Woodhouse		9,972	30.64	−0.79	9,692	29.35	+4.21
	Green	Metiria Turei		3,611	11.09	+3.64	5,221	15.81	+4.99
	ACT	Hilary Calvert		573	1.76	+1.15	749	2.27	+1.28
	Legalise Cannabis	Julian Crawford		483	1.48	−0.06	143	0.43	+0.14
	Alliance	Victor Billot		448	1.38	+0.54	106	0.32	+0.12
	United Future	Mary Edwards		228	0.70	−1.32	312	0.94	−1.82
	Democrats	Olive McRae		105	0.32	+0.32	36	0.11	+0.05
	NZ First						1,132	3.43	+0.58
	Progressive						310	0.94	−1.38
	Bill and Ben						252	0.76	+0.76
	Māori						230	0.70	+0.41
	Kiwi						125	0.38	+0.38
	Family Party						57	0.17	+0.17
	Workers Party						18	0.05	+0.05
	Pacific						14	0.04	+0.04
	Libertarianz						9	0.03	−0.01
	RAM						4	0.01	+0.01
	RONZ						2	0.01	−0.01
Informal votes				234			89
Total Valid votes				32,547			33,020
	Labour hold		Majority	7155	21.98	−1.67

2005 election

General election 2005: Dunedin North
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Pete Hodgson		17,769	55.08	−4.42	17,915	54.82	+5.11
	National	Katherine Rich		10,139	31.02	+7.94	8,217	25.14	+8.95
	Green	Philippa Jamieson		2,405	7.46	+0.59	3,536	10.82	−1.54
	United Future	Mark Peters		652	2.02	−0.34	901	2.76	−2.78
	Legalise Cannabis	Jason Baker-Sherman		498	1.54	−0.51	95	0.29	−0.42
	Progressive	James Boyack		330	1.02	−0.02	431	1.32	−0.65
	Alliance	Victor Billot		270	0.84	−1.14	65	0.20	−2.89
	ACT	Willie Martin		196	0.61	−1.15	322	0.99	−3.20
	NZ First						931	2.85	−1.61
	Māori						96	0.29	+0.29
	Destiny						78	0.24	+0.24
	Christian Heritage						35	0.11	−0.72
	Democrats						21	0.06	+0.06
	Libertarianz						14	0.04	+0.04
	99 MP						10	0.03	+0.03
	Direct Democracy						4	0.01	+0.01
	One NZ						4	0.01	−0.04
	RONZ						4	0.01	+0.01
	Family Rights						3	0.01	+0.01
Informal votes				241			71
Total Valid votes				32,259			32,682
	Labour hold		Majority	7,630	23.65	−12.36

2002 election

General election 2002: Dunedin North[17]
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Pete Hodgson		17,573	59.50	−0.88	14,866	49.71	+1.83
	National	Katherine Rich		6,936	23.49	−3.76	4,841	16.19	−4.26
	Green	Philippa Direen		2,028	6.87	+2.65	3,697	12.36	+4.93
	United Future	Todd Whitcombe		697	2.36	+2.36	1,658	5.54	+5.54
	Legalise Cannabis	Paul John McMullan		606	2.05	+0.13	212	0.71	+0.71
	Alliance	Carolyn Payne-Harker		586	1.98	−4.32	924	3.09	−9.32
	ACT	Willie Martin		520	1.76	−1.17	1,254	4.19	−0.53
	Progressive	Frede Jorgensen		306	1.04	+1.04	588	1.97	+1.97
	Christian Heritage	Glenn Peoples		280	0.95	−0.94	248	0.83	+0.83
	NZ First						1,333	4.46	+3.74
	ORNZ						253	0.85	+0.85
	One NZ						15	0.05	+0.05
	Mana Māori						9	0.03	+0.03
	NMP						6	0.02	+0.02
Informal votes				291			99
Total Valid votes				29,532			29,904
Turnout				29,904	79.1
	Labour hold		Majority	10,637	36.01	−4.64

1999 election

General election 1999: Dunedin North[17]
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Pete Hodgson		18,856	60.38		15,052	47.88
	National	Katherine Rich		6,161	19.73		6,427	20.45
	Alliance	Quentin Findlay		1,968	6.30		3,902	12.41
	Green	Michael Tritt		1,318	4.22		2,336	7.43
	ACT	Hilary Calvert		915	2.93		1,485	4.72
	Legalise Cannabis	Paul John McMullan		599	1.92		—
	Christian Heritage	David Harris		589	1.89		—
	South Island	Alan McDonald		404	1.29		—
	NZ First	Donna Waipouri-Baxter		224	0.72		401	1.28
	McGillicuddy Serious	Bernard Smith		152	0.49		—
	NMP	Patrick Byrne		41	0.13		—
	United NZ						151	0.48
Total Valid votes				31,227			31,435
	Labour hold		Majority	12,695	40.65

1996 election

General election 1996: Dunedin North[18][19][20]
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member. A or denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Pete Hodgson		17,375	52.32		13,449	40.15
	National	Margie Stevens		7,168	21.58		8,304	24.79
	Alliance	Jim Flynn		4,488	13.51		4,648	13.88
	NZ First	Neil Benson		1,824	5.49		2,224	6.64
	ACT	Michael Steeneveld		1,157	3.48		1,452	4.33
	United NZ	Graeme Brown		553	1.67		718	2.14
	McGillicuddy Serious	Doug Mackie		453	1.36		120	0.36
	Natural Law	Mary-Anne McGregor		193	0.58		56	0.17
	Christian Coalition						1,198	3.58
	Legalise Cannabis						1,100	3.28
	Animals First						75	0.22
	Progressive Green						63	0.19
	Green Society						28	0.08
	Mana Māori						20	0.06
	Ethnic Minority Party						12	0.04
	Asia Pacific United						8	0.02
	Superannuitants & Youth						7	0.02
	Libertarianz						6	0.02
	Conservatives						5	0.01
	Advance New Zealand						4	0.01
	Te Tawharau						0	0.00
Informal votes				386			100
Total Valid votes				33,211			33,497
	Labour hold		Majority	10,207	30.73

1953 by-election

North Dunedin by-election, 1953[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ethel McMillan	6,424	61.96
	National	W. P. MacDougall	3,944	38.04
Majority			2,480	23.92	+21.65
Turnout			10,368	70.41	−21.62

1945 by-election

Dunedin North by-election, 1945[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Robert Walls	6,316	53.10	-2.72
	National	Norman Jones	5,578	46.90	+10.51
Majority			738	6.20	-13.23
Turnout			11,894

1935 election

General election, 1935: Dunedin North[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	James Wright Munro	6,097	52.56	+0.30
	United	Alexander Smith Falconer[24][25][26]	4,429	38.18
	Democrat	Helen Black[27]	1,073	9.25
Majority			1,668	14.38	+9.42
Informal votes			97	0.83	-0.19
Turnout			11,696	92.65	+4.81
Registered electors			12,624

1931 election

General election, 1931: Dunedin North [28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	James Wright Munro	5,518	52.26
	United	John McCrae[29][30][lower-alpha 3]	4,994	47.30
	United	Robert Black[lower-alpha 4]	46	0.44
Majority			524	4.96
Informal votes			109	1.02
Turnout			10,667	87.84
Registered electors			12,144

1922 by-election

Dunedin North by-election, 1922[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	James Wright Munro	3,380	44.91
	Reform	James J. Clark	3,239	43.03
	Liberal	William Begg	269	12.06
Majority			141	1.88
Turnout			7,527

1914 election

General election, 1914[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Labour	Andrew Walker	4,073	51.47
	Reform	George Malcolm Thomson	3,751	47.40
Majority			322	4.06
Informal votes			88	1.11
Turnout			7,912	81.34
Registered electors			9,726

Table footnotes

1. Hilary Calvert entered parliament as a list MP on 24 September 2010 after David Garrett resigned.
2. 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
3. John McCrae was the official candidate for the United/Reform Coalition
4. Robert Black, who was not endorsed by the United Party, withdrew just before the election

Notes

1. McRobie 1989, pp. 66ff.
2. Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
3. "Dunedin North - Electorate Profile" (PDF). Parliamentary Library. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
4. "Enrolment Statistics". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
5. Scholefield 1950, pp. 156–157.
6. Scholefield 1950, p. 94.
7. Scholefield 1950, p. 143.
8. Scholefield 1950, p. 118.
9. Scholefield 1950, p. 128.
10. Scholefield 1950, p. 142.
11. "Hon Pete Hodgson". New Zealand Parliament. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
12. "Agony and ecstasy for Dunedin party faithful". Otago Daily Times. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
13. 2014 election results
14. 2011 election results
15. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
16. 2008 election results
17. "Electorate Profile Dunedin North". New Zealand Parliament. [Retrieved 11/06/2012.]
18. "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place - Dunedin North, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
19. "Part III - Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
20. "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
21. Norton 1988, p. 214.
22. "Seat Retained". Auckland Star. LXXVI (172). 23 July 1945. p. 3. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
23. "General Election". The Evening Post CXX (138). 7 December 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
24. Ammentorp, Steen. "Falconer". generals.dk. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
25. "Cenotaph Record". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
26. "Brigadier A. S. Falconer". New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
27. Tennant, Margaret. "Helen McKenzie Black". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved December 2011.
28. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
29. "John McCrae". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
30. "Dunedin North". Auckland Star LXII (264). 7 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
31. "Dunedin North By-Election: Labor Wins, Liberals Routed". Maoriland Worker 12 (279). 28 June 1922. p. 5. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
32. Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 8 January 2016.

References

• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

External links

• Dunedin North electorate profile (Parliamentary Library)