North Korean websites banned in South Korea

Korea News Service in Japan carries articles of the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) and is blocked in South Korea.

As of 2010, there are 65 North Korean-run and pro-North Korean websites blocked in South Korea,[1] a country that practices substantial Internet censorship of diverse content.[2] A test conducted by OpenNet Initiative in 2010 found that most websites blocked in South Korea are related to North Korea. The number of blocked North Korean sites has increased in recent years.[2]

Blocking is based on the National Security Act, and coordinated by the Korea Communications Standards Commission, which also engages in Internet surveillance.[3] The commission is nominally independent but mainly appointed by the government.[4] The blocks are implemented by Internet service providers (ISPs).[5] South Korean law imposes punishments up to seven years of imprisonment for attempting to access blocked sites.[1] According to Reporters Without Borders, blocking of North Korean websites is not viewed favorably by South Korean Internet users and some know how to circumvent it.[3]

In 2005, up to 3,167 webpages unrelated to North Korea were found to be blocked due to blocking IPs at the router level.[5] DNS tampering that prevents domain names to be resolved into correct IPs is also used.[6]

In addition to entire websites, it is possible to block accounts on social media,[1] and some 13 accounts have been blocked on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter,[3][7] including Uriminzokkiri's Twitter account.[1] Twitter, however, has proven impractical to censor because retweets of North Korean tweets by other users are not blocked.[8] Furthermore, any links to North Korean websites in the tweets are already blocked.[9] Individual contents of websites hosted in South Korea may also be deleted.[3] In 2010, South Korean website administrators were forced to delete 80,499 pro-North Korea messages.[10]

Blocking has increased from previous years.[2] According to Reporters Without Borders, blocking sharply intensified during Lee Myung-bak's presidency.[3] In 2007 and 2008, a significant number of tested North Korean sites were blocked and blocking was consistent among Internet service providers.[6] In OpenNet Initiative's 2006 test, the overwhelming majority of tested North Korean websites were blocked.[11]

List

The following North Korea-based or pro-North Korean websites are blocked in South Korea as of 17 July 2014:[12]

  Hosted in North Korea
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Site URL(s) Description Hosted in/by Ref(s)
Air Koryohttp://www.airkoryo.com.kp/Website of North Korea's national airlineIn North Korea (Pyongyang)[13]
Chochonghttp://www.chochong.net/[lower-alpha 1]Website of the League of Korean Youth Living in JapanIn Japan (Tokyo) by Nippon Rad[15]
Cholsan Patent and Trademark Agencyhttp://175.45.176.14/ko/notice/cholsan/[lower-alpha 2]A Pyongyang-based patent and trademark attorneyIn North Korea's IP block on the website of Korea Computer Center[16]
Chongryonhttp://www.chongryon.com/Japanese language website of the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon)In Japan (Tokyo) by Kai Creates[17]
Choson Sinbohttp://chosonsinbo.com/English and Korean language website of Choson Sinbo, a newspaper published by the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon)In Japan (Tokyo) by Usen[18]
Elufahttp://www.elufa.net/Korean language video portal of the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon)In Japan (Tokyo) by Otsuka[19]
Faster Korea (Korean Sports Fund)
  • http://ksf.com.kp/en/
  • http://175.45.176.14/en/notice/sports/program/index-1.php
[lower-alpha 3]		Multilingual website with information about international sportsIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV[20][21]
Friend (Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries)http://www.friend.com.kp/News, e-books and information on cultural exchangeIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV, on the same server as Naenara[22]
Great National Unity (Pyongyang Broadcasting Station)http://www.gnu.rep.kp/Korean language website targeted at audiences in South Korea, Japan and China In North Korea[12]

[23]

Korea Education Fundhttp://www.koredufund.org.kp/English and Korean language website of a non-governmental organization coordinating support for educationIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV[24]
Korea Elderly Care Fundhttp://www.korelcfund.org.kp/English and Korean language website of a non-governmental organization dedicated to well being of the elderlyIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV[25]
Korea International Film Festival[lower-alpha 4]Official website of the Korea International Film Festival and North Korean film industryIn North Korea[12]
Korea National Insurance Corporation http://www.knic.com.kp/Website of North Korea's state-run insurance companyIn North Korea (Pyongyang)[26]
Korea News Servicehttp://www.kcna.co.jp/Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) newsIn Japan (Tokyo) by GMO Internet[27]
Korea Photo Service (Korea News Service)http://www.kns-photo.com/Distributes Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) photos.In Japan (Tokyo) by Usen[28]
Korea Publicationhttp://www.korea-publ.com/
http://www.dprk-book.com/		Only partially blocked. Sells North Korean books, DVDs and stamps. Run by Beijing Sunyong Scientific Technology Trade company.In China (Beijing) by China Telecom[29]
Korean Association of Cookshttp://www.cooks.org.kp/Recipes and restaurant reviewsIn North Korea[12][30]
Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)http://www.kcna.kp/Multilingual website of the main state news agenceyIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV[31]
Koryo PAT Rainbowhttp://175.45.176.14/ko/notice/rainbow/index.php?en[lower-alpha 5]Website of a patent and trademark agencyIn North Korea's IP block on the website of Korea Computer Center[32]
Minjok Tongshinhttp://www.minjok.com/English and Korean language newsIn USA (Pennsylvania) by 1&1 Internet[33]
Naenara (Korea Computer Center)http://naenara.com.kp/Multilingual web portal with news, magazines and music. Naenara is Korean for my country.In North Korea's IP block by Star JV[34]
  • http://ndfsk.dyndns.org/
  • http://aindf.dyndns.org/kuguk8/Title1.htm
Korean language news of the National Democratic Front of South Korea's branch in Japan and English language news of the Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front,[35] a South Korean underground political group[36]Dynamic host[35][36]
North Korea Bookshttp://www.north-korea-books.com/Canadian online bookstore selling North Korean books, magazines and newspapersIn USA (Andover, Massachusetts) by NaviSite[37]
North Korea Techhttp://www.northkoreatech.org/Technology blog by British journalist Martyn WilliamsIn USA (Provo, Utah) by Bluehost[38][39]
Our Nation School (Kim Il-sung Open University)http://www.ournation-school.com/Korean language teachings on the Juche ideaIn China (Shenyang) by China Unicom[40]
Pyongyang International Trade Fairhttp://175.45.176.14/ko/notice/2009web/homepage.html[lower-alpha 6]Information on the Pyongyang International Trade FairIn North Korea's IP block on the website of Korea Computer Center[41]
Rodong Sinmunhttp://www.rodong.rep.kp/Website of Rodong Sinmun, the organ of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of KoreaIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV[42]
Voice of Koreahttp://www.vok.rep.kp/Multilingual website of North Korea's international shortwave broadcasterIn North Korea's IP block by Star JV, on the same server as Naenara[34][43]
Ryomyonghttp://www.ryomyong.com/Books and music. The domain is owned by Rio IT Production based in Shenyang, China.In Australia by Net Quadrant[44]
Ryugyong Cliphttp://www.ryugyongclip.com/Pyongyang in videos and imagesIn China (Shenyang) by China Unicom[45]
Tong Il Han Ma Eum (Association of Peaceful Reunification of the Motherland)http://www.jpth.net/Korean language news of the Association of Peaceful Reunification of the Motherland based in Japan (Tokyo)In Japan (Tokyo) by KDDI[46]
Uriminzokkirihttp://www.uriminzokkiri.com/A news portal. Uriminzokkiri is Korean for our nation.In China (Shenyang) by China Unicom[47]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ IP unavailable, discontinued or obsolete as of 3 June 2012.[14]
  2. ↑ Website unavailable, discontinued or obsolete as of 24 October 2011.[14]
  3. ↑ IP unavailable, discontinued or obsolete as of 24 October 2011.[14]
  4. ↑ Website unavailable, discontinued or obsolete as of 12 March 2012.[14]
  5. ↑ Website unavailable, discontinued or obsolete as of 24 October 2011.[14]
  6. ↑ Website unavailable, discontinued or obsolete as of 19 December 2010. Not updated since 2009.[41]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Sangwon Yoon (25 May 2011). "North Korea Uses Twitter For Propaganda Offensive". The Huffington Post. Kwang-tae Kim (AP). Associated Press. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 "South Korea". opennet.net. OpenNet Initiative. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "South Korea". en.rsf.org. Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  4. ↑ S.C.S. (10 February 2014). "Why South Korea is really an internet dinosaur". The Economist. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  5. 1 2 "OpenNet Initiative: Bulletin 009 : Collateral Blocking: Filtering by South Korean Government of Pro-North Korean Websites". opennet.net. 31 January 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  6. 1 2 "South Korea". web.archive.org. OpenNet Initiative. 26 December 2010. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  7. ↑ Lee Tae-hoon (9 September 2010). "Censorship on pro-NK websites tight". koreatimes. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  8. ↑ Martyn Williams (24 November 2012). "Retweeting DPRK lands activist with suspended sentance". North Korea Tech. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  9. ↑ Mok Yong Jae (25 August 2010). "Blocking Twitter/Facebook Not the Answer". dailynk.com. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  10. ↑ "No. of police requests to delete pro-NK content leaps 45-fold". english.donga.com. 17 September 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  11. ↑ "Internet Filtering in South Korea in 2006–2007". opennet.net. OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "The North Korean Website List". North Korea Tech. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "Air Koryo". North Korea Tech. 4 November 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Change log". North Korea Tech. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "Chochong". North Korea Tech. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  16. ↑ "Cholsan Patent and Trademark Agency". North Korea Tech. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Chrongryon". North Korea Tech. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  18. ↑ "Choson Sinbo". North Korea Tech. 3 June 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  19. ↑ "Elufa". North Korea Tech. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  20. ↑ "Faster Korea". North Korea Tech. 5 November 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  21. ↑ "Faster Korea". North Korea Tech. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries". North Korea Tech. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  23. ↑ "Great National Unity". North Korea Tech. 10 February 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  24. ↑ "Korea Education Fund". North Korea Tech. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  25. ↑ "Korea Elderly Care Fund". North Korea Tech. 25 May 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  26. ↑ "Korea National Insurance Corporation". North Korea Tech. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  27. ↑ "Korea News Service". North Korea Tech. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  28. ↑ "Korea Photo Service". North Korea Tech. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  29. ↑ "Korea Publication". North Korea Tech. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  30. ↑ "Korean Association of Cooks". North Korea Tech. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  31. ↑ "Korean Central News Agency". North Korea Tech. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  32. ↑ "Koryo PAT Rainbow". North Korea Tech. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  33. ↑ "Minjok Tongshin". North Korea Tech. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  34. 1 2 "Naenara". North Korea Tech. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  35. 1 2 "National Democratic Front of South Korea". North Korea Tech. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  36. 1 2 "Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front". North Korea Tech. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  37. ↑ "North Korea Books". North Korea Tech. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  38. ↑ Lee, Yoyjyung (5 April 2016). "UK journalist to appeal as Seoul blocks his site on N. Korea". AP. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  39. ↑ "NorthKoreaTech.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info". whois.domaintools.com. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  40. ↑ "Our Nation School". North Korea Tech. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  41. 1 2 "Pyongyang International Trade Fair". North Korea Tech. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  42. ↑ "Rodong Sinmun". North Korea Tech. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  43. ↑ "Voice of Korea". North Korea Tech. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  44. ↑ "Ryomyong". North Korea Tech. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  45. ↑ "Ryugyong Clip". North Korea Tech. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  46. ↑ "Tong Il Han Ma Eum". North Korea Tech. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  47. ↑ "Uriminzokkiri". North Korea Tech. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2015.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, April 14, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.