November 1929
The following events occurred in November 1929:
- Germany and Poland signed an agreement settling frontier questions of an economic nature.[1]
- Australia ended compulsory military service.[2]
- André Tardieu became the third person within a week to try to form the next French government.[3]
- The New York Stock Exchange stayed closed until Monday so a "clean up day" could be held to fix bookkeeping errors that had been made during the avalanche of transactions over the past few days.[4][5]
- André Tardieu became 97th Prime Minister of France. The previous prime minister, Aristide Briand, was retained as foreign minister.[6]
- Official returns showed that the anti-Young Plan referendum narrowly surpassed the threshold to make it binding on the Reichstag. 10% of Germany's eligible voters had to subscribe to the referendum, and it passed that mark by less than 1 percent. The prospects of the referendum actually succeeding were still very low, since a turnout of 50% would be required to make it pass.[7]
- Born: Rachel Ames, actress, in Portland, Oregon; Richard E. Taylor, physicist and Nobel laureate, in Medicine Hat, Alberta
- Overthrown Emir of Afghanistan Habibullāh Kalakāni was executed by firing squad.[8]
- 2 were killed when fighting between communists and Stahlhelm broke out in Berlin as Nationalists publicly celebrated their success in obtaining enough signatures to trigger the anti-Young Plan referendum.[9]
- During ceremonies marking the eleventh anniversary of the Italian armistice, Benito Mussolini told wounded veterans that all the pacifist talk going on the world could not be trusted. "There is a lot of peace talk going on in the world these days, I dare say too much! We must not be deluded by all these sort of things. The truth is that nobody is frankly and effectively disarming", he said.[10]
- Albert Einstein received an honorary doctorate from the Sorbonne in Paris.[20]
- James J. Riordan, president of the County Trust Company and a friend of former presidential candidate Al Smith, took a pistol from the teller's cage at his bank, went to his home in Manhattan and committed suicide. Though he left no note, those who knew him said he had been distraught after the Wall Street Crash. The news was suppressed until after the bank closed on Saturday to prevent a run by depositors. Riordan's suicide made front page news in the Sunday papers and may have contributed to the popular but exaggerated image of mass waves of investors killing themselves after the crash.[21][22][23]
- The Sam Wood-directed comedy film So This Is College was released.
- The cabinet council of Portugal pardoned 86 officers who had been exiled to the Azores for plotting against the government in 1927.[25]
- The Harvard Economic Society said that "a serious depression like that of 1920-21 is outside the range of probability."[26]
- Students rioted by throwing stink bombs in the University of Dublin when government officers arrived to sign up volunteers for a newly created Irish Free State reserve force, which Irish republicans opposed.[29]
- Noted bearish trader Jesse Lauriston Livermore declared that stocks had been driven too low. "People throughout the country have become panic stricken and have thrown their sound securities over without regard to values. To my mind this situation should go no further", he explained. "There is nothing wrong with the country or the business of the country, and just because trade has slumped moderately after an extremely active summer is no reason why first class securities should be ruthlessly thrown into the market in such fashion as we have seen in the last few trading days."[30]
- Born: Grace Kelly, actress and Princess of Monaco, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1982); Michael Ende, German fantasy and children's author, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (d. 1995)
- The Italian Fascist government seized two large estates in the provinces of Arezzo and Taranto because their owners had failed to cultivate the land. "Property is not an end in itself. Those who own it have special duties with regard to the collectivity of the people, represented by the state", read the government decree.[32]
- In Paris, actress Constance Bennett divorced her second husband, the millionaire socialite Philip Morgan Plant.[33]
- Born: Jimmy Piersall, baseball player, in Waterbury, Connecticut
- Died: Joe McGinnity, 58, American baseball player
- In Berlin, 10 were wounded and 20 arrested in fighting between political extremist factions on the eve of town council elections.[36]
- International Chamber of Commerce President Dr. Albert Pirelli said in a speech in Rome that the Wall Street Crash posed a threat to European business, as diminished American purchasing power meant that auto manufacturers may attempt to dump their cars on the European market at cheap prices.[37]
- President Hoover held a conference in Washington with twelve American railway executives. Upon its conclusion Hoover announced that he had received assurances from the railway presidents that they would "proceed with full programs of construction and betterments without any reference to recent stock exchange fluctuations."[42]
- The musical comedy film The Love Parade premiered at the Criterion Theatre in New York City.[43]
- The Canadian National Railway announced a $20 million business plan to buy new transport cars and build new stations, despite a difficult year for the Canadian rail industry due to reduced transport of wheat and corn.[44]
- Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dalí had his first one-man Paris show.[45]
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 248.49 points after a week of steady recovery that helped to erase most of the losses since October 29. The stock market would run mostly steady over the next year.[13]
- President Hoover held a conference with representatives of business and organized labor in which he received pledges of peace from both sides in order to maintain business progress. Industries promised to make no wage reductions and labor groups likewise promised to make no wage increase demands.[46]
- Harry F. Sinclair was freed from prison after serving 198 days for contempt of court. Ford released a written statement in which he continued to deny any wrongdoing.[47]
- The French began the evacuation of the Koblenz bridgehead.[48]
- The musical revue film The Show of Shows premiered at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City.[43]
- The musical film Pointed Heels, starring William Powell and Helen Kane, was released.[49]
- The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union passed a measure saying that any Soviet citizens working or living abroad who refused an order to return to the country would be considered guilty of treason and would be shot when finally taken into custody.[50]
- In Ohio, convicted murderer James H. Snook was given an indefinite stay of execution pending review of his case. He had been scheduled for execution on November 29.[51]
- President Hoover sent a telegram to every U.S. governor saying that "It would be helpful if road, street, public building, and other construction of this type could be speeded up and adjusted in such fashion as to further employment."[52]
- Born: Gloria Lynne, jazz singer, in Harlem, New York (d. 2013); Laurdine Patrick, jazz musician, in East Moline, Illinois (d. 1991)
- The Soviet Union announced via radio broadcast its terms for the cessation of hostilities with China. They called for an restoration of the Chinese Eastern Railway to the status prior to July 11, a withdrawal of Chinese forces from the frontier, disarmament of White Russian troops on Chinese soil and the release of all imprisoned Soviet citizens.[53]
- Born: Franciszek Kokot, nephrologist and endocrinologist, in Rosenberg, O.S., Germany
- Died: Georges Clemenceau, 88, French statesman; Raymond Hitchcock, 64, American actor; Francis E. Warren, 85, American senator
- George Clemenceau was buried in Vendée next to his father in a small ceremony attended by only 20 people, in accordance with his wishes to eschew a state funeral. A 101-gun salute in Paris was the only official tribute. Clemenceau had also requested to be buried upright facing the sea so he could remain standing up as he did in life, but the grave could not be dug deep enough due to solid rock in the burial plot and so he was buried in the usual horizontal orientation.[54][55]
- The 6,997-ton oil tanker British Chemist exploded in Grangemouth port in Scotland, shaking the town but causing no casualties.[56]
- The League of Nations opened a conference on the transportation of magazines and newspapers, trying to ensure the free flow of information across borders.[2]
- In the first attempted homicide ever recorded in Vatican City, a Swedish woman in St. Peter's Basilica tried to shoot an archbishop that had disappointed her after she had approached him requesting employment. She was believed to have a mental disorder.[57][58]
- A district court in Cambridge, Massachusetts found two men guilty of obscenity for selling the D H Lawrence novel Lady Chatterley's Lover. The owner of the bookstore and the clerk were both ordered to pay fines and serve jail sentences of four months and two weeks, respectively. The conviction triggered a public backlash against the Watch and Ward Society which had instigated the legal proceedings in the case.[59]
- The ocean liner RMS Mauretania, departing from New York en route to Europe, collided with a car ferry near Robbins Reef Light. There were no casualties but the ferry sank and a pair of holes were ripped into the Mauretania, requiring it to return to New York for repairs.[61]
- American explorer Richard E. Byrd and three companions made the first flight over the South Pole, flying from the Ross Ice Shelf and back in 18 hours 41 minutes.[62]
- The Greek government shut down the University of Athens for five days as a punitive measure for recent student riots.[63]
- Benito Mussolini barred extravagant speech from the Italian legislature, explaining that "the government does not want any eulogies or serenades. Let the speeches be to the point, loyal and intelligent. Both I and the government hate flattery and violinlike speeches. We like rude, frank talk. It is becoming to Fascism."[64]
- Born: Berry Gordy, record producer and songwriter, in Detroit, Michigan
- Julius Curtius made his first speech as Foreign Minister in front of the Reichstag, vowing to carry out the Young Plan. He also criticized the "Liberty Law" that nationalists were trying to force on the government through referendum, speaking of "the foolishness of asking the farmer or the worker whether he wants to pay or not. Naturally he does not want to pay, but the fact is that he must pay. Only through the loyal fulfilment of the obligations we have contracted and those we shall contract can we find a guarantee for the further ascent of our nation."[65]
- The Rodin Museum in Philadelphia was inaugurated.
- The evacuation of the Koblenz region was completed, leaving it completely free of occupation soldiers for the first time since 1920.[66]
- The Reichstag, as expected, overwhelmingly voted against the "Liberty Law". Nevertheless, the measure still had a chance to pass via the December 22 public referendum that was required to be held under German law.[67]
- As Soviet planes bombed the Manchurian town of Pokutu, one bomb struck a train bearing the American Red Cross committee. Many were killed but the committee chairman was unharmed.[68]
- The Hamilton Tigers beat the Regina Roughriders 14-3 to win the 17th Grey Cup of Canadian football.
- Born: Dick Clark, radio and television personality, in Mount Vernon, New York (d. 2012)
References
- ↑ "Germany, Poland Sign Pact". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 2, 1929. p. 14.
- 1 2 "Chronology 1929". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ Wales, Henry (November 2, 1929). "Tardieu, 'Strong Man' of France, Picks Cabinet". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 14.
- ↑ ""Clean Up" Day in Wall Street; Brokers Dig Out". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 2, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ Streissguth, Thomas (2007). The Roaring Twenties. New York: Facts On File. p. 312. ISBN 9781438108872.
- ↑ Wales, Henry (November 3, 1929). "Briand Hangs on as Tardieu Forms French Cabinet". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 22.
- ↑ "Germany Votes for Referendum on Young Plan". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 3, 1929. p. 22.
- ↑ Dupree, Louis (1980). Afghanistan. Princeton University Press. p. 459. ISBN 9781400858910.
- ↑ Frazier, Geoffrey (November 4, 1929). "Germans Riot Over War Debt Vote; 2 Killed". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
- ↑ Allen, Jay (November 4, 1929). "Too Much Peace Talk in World, Mussolini Says". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
- ↑ Lawson, William (November 5, 1929). "Bingham Fights Back as Senate Censures Him". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ↑ Harvey, Fred (November 5, 1929). "Sales Simmer Down in Wall Street Trading". Chicago Daily Tribune. pp. 29–30.
- 1 2 3 "The Great Depression and Dow Jones Industrial Average". Generational Dynamics. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ Steele, John (November 6, 1929). "Commons Votes Recognition of Russia, 324-199". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
- ↑ Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 384. ISBN 9-780582-039193.
- ↑ "Tammany Puts Walker Over by 497,000 Votes". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 6, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ "The 10 biggest falls on Wall Street". The Daily Telegraph. August 3, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (November 7, 1929). "New Air Giant to Have Cabins Inside Wings". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 8.
- ↑ Wasson, Haidee. "Studying Movies at the Museum: The Museum of Modern Art and Cinema's Changing Object." Inventing Film Studies. Ed. Lee Grieveson and Haidee Vasson. Duke University Press, 2008. p. 125. ISBN 9780822388678.
- ↑ "Tageseinträge für 8. November 1929". chroniknet. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Gotham Banker Kills Self". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 10, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ "J.J. Riordan, Smith's Friend, Ends Life; News Withheld a Day to Protect His Bank". Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 1. November 10, 1929.
- ↑ Adams, Cecil (August 30, 2002). "After the 1929 stock market crash, did investors really jump out of windows?". The Straight Dope. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- 1 2 Powell, John (November 10, 1929). "Russian Troops Crash Across Amur into China". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 27.
- ↑ "Portugal Pardons 86 in Exile for Political Plot". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 11, 1929. p. 5.
- ↑ Galbraith, John Kenneth (2009). The Great Crash 1929. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 144–145. ISBN 9780547248165.
- ↑ "Dr. Curtius Made Head of German Foreign Office". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 12, 1929. p. 4.
- ↑ Mason, Philip Parker (1987). The Ambassador Bridge: A Monument to Progress. Wayne State University Press. p. 215. ISBN 9780814318409.
- ↑ "Students Protest Irish R.O.T.C. Plan; Hurl Bombs". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 13, 1929. p. 5.
- ↑ "Stocks Too Low, Says Livermore, Biggest Bear in Wall Street". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 13, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ Toniolo, Gianni (2005). Central Bank Cooperation at the Bank for International Settlements, 1930–1973. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 44. ISBN 9780521845519.
- ↑ Darrah, David (November 15, 1929). "Duce Seizes Two Big Estates in Drive for Grain". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
- ↑ Donnelley, Paul (2000). Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries. New York: Omnibus Press. pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-7119-9512-5.
- ↑ Proctor, Ben (2007). William Randolph Hearst : The Later Years, 1911–1951. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9780199717101.
- ↑ "Hoover Charts Trade Boom". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 16, 1929. p. 1.
- 1 2 Schultz, Sigrid (November 17, 1929). "Berlin Voters Dodge Bullets on Election Eve". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 18.
- ↑ Darrah, David (November 17, 1929). "Warns Europe to Guard Marts Against Yanks". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 16.
- ↑ "Mexicans Elect Rubio President; 19 Killed in Riots". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 18, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ Powell, John (November 18, 1929). "Russia Storm China Trenches; Set Town Afire". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 18.
- ↑ "Tageseinträge für 17. November 1929". chroniknet. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ Higgins, Jenny (2007). "The Tsunami of 1929". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ Crawford, Arthur (November 20, 1929). "President Wins Promises to Boost Business". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- 1 2 3 Holston, Kim R. (2013). Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.
- ↑ "Canadians Join With U.S. for Big Business Boom". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 21, 1929. p. 3.
- ↑ Golding, John (1994). Visions of the Modern. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 262. ISBN 9780520087927.
- ↑ Crawford, Arthur (November 22, 1929). "Pledge No Wage Cuts In U.S.". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ↑ "Sinclair, Oil Baron, Free". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 21, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ "Tageseinträge für 21. November 1929". chroniknet. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ Bradley, Edwin M. (1996). The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 Through 1932. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 264. ISBN 9780786420292.
- ↑ "Soviet to Execute All Who Refuse to Return on Summons". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 22, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ "Snook is Granted Stay of Execution by Ohio High Court". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 23, 1929. p. 14.
- ↑ "Hoover Asks States to Speed Work". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 24, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ Powell, John (November 25, 1929). "Russia Fixes Terms". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
- ↑ "France Bows As 'Tiger' Gets Simple Funeral". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 25, 1929. pp. 1, 3.
- ↑ ""Bury Me Upright Beside My Father", Tiger's Last Wish". Chicago Daily Tribune: 2. November 24, 1929.
- ↑ "Oil Blast Rips Ship Open; Rocks Scottish Port". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 26, 1929. p. 16.
- ↑ "Woman Tries to Kill Churchman in Vatican City". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 26, 1929. p. 3.
- ↑ "Shooting At Vatican". The Barrier Miner (Broken Hill): 1. November 26, 1929.
- ↑ Boyer, Paul S. (2002). Purity in Print: Book Censorship in America from the Gilded Age to the Computer Age. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 9780299175832.
- ↑ McKelway, St. Clair (November 26, 1929). "Hands Off Our Citizens! Japs Warn Russia". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ↑ "Mauretania Crashes in Bay". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 28, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ "Nov 29, 1929: Byrd flies over South Pole". History. A+E Networks. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Athens University Shut to Punish Rioting Students". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 29, 1929. p. 2.
- ↑ Darrah, David (November 29, 1929). "Duce Demans 'He-Man' Words; Bars 'Sing-Song'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (November 30, 1929). "Back Young Deby Plan, Begs New German Foreign Chief". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- ↑ "Tageseinträge für 30. November 1929". chroniknet. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Reichstag Vote Defeats Foes of Young Plan". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 30, 1929. p. 1.
- ↑ "Russian Planes Bomb U.S. Red Cross Train; Many Slain". Chicago Daily Tribune. December 2, 1929. p. 4.