Olympique Lyonnais
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| Full name | Olympique Lyonnais | |||
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| Nickname(s) | Les Gones (The Kids) | |||
| Founded | 1899 | |||
| Ground | Parc Olympique Lyonnais | |||
| Capacity | 59,186 | |||
| Owner | Jean-Michel Aulas | |||
| Chairman | Jean-Michel Aulas | |||
| Manager | Bruno Génésio | |||
| League | Ligue 1 | |||
| 2014–15 | 2nd | |||
| Website | Club home page | |||
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Olympique Lyonnais (French pronunciation: [ɔlɛ̃pik ljɔnɛ]; commonly referred to as simply Lyon, or OL) (Euronext: OLG) is a French football club based in Lyon. It plays in France's highest football division, Ligue 1. The club was formed as Lyon Olympique Universitaire in 1899, according to many supporters and sport historians, but was nationally established as a club in 1950.[1] The club's most successful period has been the 21st century. The club won its first Ligue 1 championship in 2002, starting a national record-setting streak of seven successive titles. Lyon has also won a record seven Trophée des Champions, five Coupe de France titles and three Ligue 2 Championships.
Lyon has participated in the UEFA Champions League 12 times, and during the 2009–10 season, reached the semi-finals of the competition for the first time after three previous quarter-final appearances. Olympique Lyonnais plays its home matches at the 59,186-seat Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu, a suburb of Lyon. The club's home colours are white, red and blue. Lyon was a member of the G14 group of leading European football clubs and are founder members of its successor, the European Club Association.
Olympique Lyonnais is one of the popular clubs in France. A 2009 survey found that about 11% of the country's football fans support the club, a proportion Lyon shared with Paris Saint-Germain, behind only Olympique de Marseille.[2] The club's nickname, Les Gones, means "The Kids" in Lyon's regional dialect of Arpitan. The chairman of Lyon is Jean-Michel Aulas and the club is managed by Bruno Génésio. Olympique Lyonnais also has a successful women's football team having won its league a record nine times. The women's team has also won three Challenge de France titles and the UEFA Women's Champions League in 2011 and 2012.
History
Olympique Lyonnais was, initially, formed under the multisports club Lyon Olympique Universitaire, which was originally formed in 1896 as Racing Club de Lyon. Following numerous internal disagreements regarding the cohabitation of amateurs and professionals within the club, then-manager of the club Félix Louot and his entourage contemplated forming their own club. On 3 August 1950, Louot's plan came to fruition when Olympique Lyonnais was officially founded by Dr. Albert Trillat and numerous others. The club's first manager was Oscar Heisserer and, on 26 August 1950, played its first official match defeating CA Paris-Charenton 3–0 in front of 3,000 supporters. In just the club's second year of existence, Lyon was crowned champion of the second division moving up to the first division. The club maintained its first division place for the remainder of the decade, excluding a year's stint in the second division for the 1953–1954 season.
Lyon achieved moderate success during the 1960s and 70s with the likes of Fleury Di Nallo, Nestor Combin, Serge Chiesa, Bernard Lacombe, and Jean Djorkaeff playing major roles. Under manager Lucien Jasseron, Lyon won its first-ever Coupe de France title defeating Bordeaux 2–0 in the 1963–64 season. The club also performed respectably in the league under Jasseron's reign until the 1965–66 season, when Lyon finished 16th, which ultimately led to Jasseron's departure. His replacement was Louis Hon, who helped Lyon win their second Coupe de France title after defeating Sochaux 3–1 in the 1966–67 season. Lyon was managed by former Lyon legend Aimé Mignot heading into the 70s. Under Mignot's helm, Lyon won its third Coupe de France title in 1972–73 beating Nantes 2–1.
In June 1987, Olympique Lyonnais was bought by Rhône businessman Jean-Michel Aulas who took control of the club aiming to turn Lyon into an established Ligue 1 side. His ambitious plan, titled OL – Europe, was designed to develop the club at the European level and back into the first division within a period of no more than four years. The first manager under the new hierarchy was Raymond Domenech. The aspiring chairman gave Domenech carte blanche to recruit whoever he saw fit to help the team reach the first division. They went on to accomplish this in Domenech's first season in charge. Lyon achieved its zenith under Domenech when it qualified for the UEFA Cup. For the remainder of his tenure the club underachieved. Domenech was replaced by former French international Jean Tigana, who led the team to an impressive second place in the 1994–95 season.
At the start of the new millennium, Olympique Lyonnais began to achieve greater success in French football. The club established itself as the premiere club in France defeating Olympique Marseille and Paris Saint-Germain and also became France's richest club as well as one of the most popular. Lyon became known for developing promising talent, who went on to achieve greatness not only in France, but also abroad and internationally. Notable examples included: Michael Essien, Florent Malouda, Sidney Govou, Juninho Pernambucano, Cris, Éric Abidal, Mahamadou Diarra, Patrick Müller, and Karim Benzema. Lyon won its first ever Ligue 1 championship in 2002, starting a national record-breaking streak of seven successive titles. During that run the club also won one Coupe de France title, its first Coupe de la Ligue title, and a record six Trophée des Champions. The club also performed well in UEFA competitions reaching as far as the quarter-finals on three occasions and semifinals in 2010 in the UEFA Champions League. Lyon's streak and consistent dominance of French football came to an end during the 2008–09 season, when it lost the title to Bordeaux.
Ownership and finances
Olympique Lyonnais is owned by Rhône businessman Jean-Michel Aulas, who acquired the club on 15 June 1987. He serves as the founder and chief operating officer of CEGID (Compagnie Européenne de Gestion par l'Informatique Décentralisée). After ridding the club of its debt, Aulas restructured the club's management and reorganised the finances and, in a span of two decades, transformed the club from a second division team into one of the richest football clubs in the world. However, Aulas has been lambasted by critics for running the club as if it were a business. The club currently operates on the European Stock Exchange under the name OL Groupe, initialled OLG.[3]
In April 2008, business magazine Forbes ranked Lyon as the thirteenth most valuable football team in the world. The magazine valued the club at $408 million (€275.6m), excluding debt.[4] On February 2009, Lyon were rated in the 12th spot in the Deloitte Football Money League, reportedly bringing in an annual revenue of €155.7 million for the 2007–08 season, which ranks among the world's best football clubs in terms of revenue.[5]
Aulas currently serves on the board for the European Club Association, a sports organisation representing football clubs in Europe. He was also the last president of the now-defunct G-14 organisation.
- As of 10 November 2009.
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Stadium
Olympique Lyonnais has played at the Stade de Gerland since 1950, the year of the club's foundation. In 1910, the mayor of Lyon, Édouard Herriot, came up with the idea to develop and build a sports stadia with an athletics track and a velodrome in the city. In 1912, the stadium was officially mandated and local architect Tony Garnier was given the reins to designing and constructing it. Construction began in 1914 with hopes that the stadia would be completed before the International Exhibition of 1914. However, due to World War I, construction was temporarily halted, but resumed following its conclusion in 1919. By 1920, the stadium was completely functional. In 1926, the Stade de Gerland was inaugurated by Herriot.
Olympique Lyonnais began play at the Gerland in 1950 and have remained at the stadium since. The stadia originally had a cycling track, but was removed to increase the seating capacity to 50,000. In 1984, minor renovations were made to the stadium by architect Rene Gagis. This included construction of the Jean Bouin and Jean Jaurès stands. Further renovations were needed to prepare the stadium for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, as by that time FIFA had mandated that all stadiums used for international matches, including the World Cup, had to be all-seated. The north and south stands, known as the Jean Jaurès and Jean Bouin stand, respectively, were completely knocked down and rebuilt, and the athletics track that had remained, even after the cycling track had been removed, was taken out. The renovations were done by architect Albert Constantin. The new incarnation of Gerland has a maximum capacity of 40,500.
On 1 September 2008, Olympique Lyonnais president Jean-Michel Aulas announced plans to create a new 60,000-seat stadium, tentatively called OL Land, to be built on 50 hectares of land located in Décines-Charpieu, a suburb of Lyon. The stadium is being built now, and plans are to also include state-of-the-art sporting facilities, two hotels, a leisure center, and commercial and business offices.
On 13 October 2008, the project was agreed upon by the State, the General Council of Rhône, the Grand Lyon, SYTRAL, and the municipality of Décines for construction with approximately €180 million of public money being used and between €60–80 million coming from the Urban Community of Lyon.[6] However, since the announcement, the club's efforts to get the stadium off the ground has been hindered mainly due to slow administrative procedures, political interests, and various opposition groups, who view the stadium as financially, ecologically, and socially wrong for the taxpayers and community of Décines. The project is currently in limbo, but most estimate that the stadium will be completed by 2015. The official name of the stadium will be The Stade des Lumières.[7][8]
On 22 September 2009, French newspaper L'Equipe reported that OL Land had been selected by the French Football Federation as one of the twelve stadiums to be used in the country's bidding for UEFA Euro 2016.[9] The FFF officially made their selections on 11 November 2009 and the city of Lyon was selected as a site to host matches during the tournament.[10]
Centre Tola Vologe
The Centre Tola Vologe is the training center and club headquarters of Olympique Lyonnais. It is located in the city of Lyon, not far from the Stade de Gerland. The facility is named after Anatole Tologe, commonly called Tola Vologe, who was a Lyon sportsmen and was murdered by the Gestapo during World War II. The facility is known for its high-level training[11] and several prominent players have passed through the youth training center. These include Karim Benzema, Hatem Ben Arfa, Sidney Govou, and Ludovic Giuly. The center's hosts training sessions for the senior team and also serves as the home facility for the club's reserve, youth (both male and female), and female sides, who both play their home matches at the Plaine des Jeux de Gerland. Former Lyon player Alain Olio is the current director of the centre.
Colours and kits
Since the club's foundation, the primary colours have been red, blue, and white, with the latter being the most predominant of the three. During the early years of the club's existence, Olympique Lyonnais primarily played in all-white uniforms. In 1955, Lyon officials decided to add a red and blue scapular and blue shorts to the combination.[12] In 1961, the scapular tradition was disbanded and the two strips of red and blue were shaped horizontally.[13] After six years, the club returned to the all-white uniforms, but kept intact the red and blue stripes, but, instead of keeping them horizontally, inserted them vertically and on the left side of the shirt.[14] Lyon began wearing the shirt during the 1970–71 season and wore the kits up until the 1975–76 season. For the 2002–03 season, chairman Jean-Michel Aulas announced that the club would return the kits. Lyon wore them, with several different modifications every year, for six of their seven consecutive titles.
In 1976, the club endured a drastic change to their kits, ditching the all-white uniforms for an all-red style, akin to English club Liverpool. The club wore the kits up until the 1989–90 season, with the 1977–78 and 1978–79 seasons being excluded due to the club adding navy blue vertical stripes to the shirt that was deemed unsuccessful.[15] Following the 1989–90 season, the club returned to the all-white kits and, at the start of the 1995–96 season, the club returned the vertical stripes, but opted to insert them in the center of the shirt, instead of to the left. The club kept this style until the 2001–02 season. For the 2009–10 season, Lyon returned the horizontal red and blue stripes. In the Champions League, Lyon has used a variety of different colours as first choice, including red, navy blue, light blue, black, silver and fluorescent yellow.[16]
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1989–1996
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1996–
Supporters
Olympique Lyonnais has a highly-active and loyal fanbase composed of many groups of supporters. One of the club's most notable supporters group is Bad Gones (Bad Kids). The Bad Gones were established in 1987 around the time of Jean-Michel Aulas's purchase of the team and occupy the Virage Nord area of the Stade de Gerland. During the 2007–08 season, the group celebrated its 20th anniversary. The Bad Gones have a very strong reputation in Europe, due to the club's control of Ligue 1, as well as Lyon's continued appearances in the UEFA Champions League.
Another notable supporters group is the Cosa Nostra Lyon, who occupy the Virage Sud area of the stadium. The group was created in 2007 as a result of a merger between two groups, the Lugdunums, which had existed since 1993 and Nucleo Ultra, which formed in 2000. The merger was created to achieve a sense of stability among supporters. The group is no longer recognised by the club, but continues to operate in a functional manner. Other support groups include the Hex@gones, which was formed in 2000 and sit in the Virage Sud area, the Gastrogones, who occupy the Jean Bouin stand, and the O'Elles Club, who sit in the Jean Jaurès stand.
The club also has support groups that are based in areas outside of the city of Lyon. The Gones 58 supporters comes from the department of Nièvre in Bourgogne, while Gones 26 origins come from the department of Drôme in nearby Valence. Three minor support groups in Septimagones, Loups Marchois, and Dauphigones comes from the commune of Hérépian, the department of Creuse, and the department of Isère, respectively.
Statistics and records
| Player | Matches |
|---|---|
| Serge Chiesa | 541 |
| Grégory Coupet | 518 |
| Fleury Di Nallo | 489 |
| Yves Chauveau | 438 |
| Sidney Govou | 412 |
| Aimé Mignot | 400 |
| Juninho | 344 |
| Player | Goals |
| Fleury Di Nallo | 182 |
| Serge Chiesa | 134 |
| Bernard Lacombe | 128 |
| Juninho | 100 |
| Sonny Anderson | 91 |
| Bafetimbi Gomis | 91 |
| Alexandre Lacazette | 83 |
Lyon's first competitive game was a 3–0 victory against CA Paris-Charenton on 26 August 1950. Since the club's foundation in 1950, they have played 48 seasons in France's highest football division, which totals 1,768 matches. Of the 1,768, they achieved 686 victories, drew 442 matches, and lost 602 contests. Of the 9 seasons the club played in Ligue 2, they contested 310 matches, winning 160 matches, drawing 84 times, and losing only 56. Lyon achieved their 1,000th victory during the 2003–04 season after defeating Strasbourg.
The Moroccan-born French midfielder Serge Chiesa holds Lyon overall appearance record having played in 541 matches over the course of 14 seasons from 1969 to 1983. Following him is former goalkeeper Grégory Coupet who contested 518 matches over the course of 11 seasons from 1997 to 2008. Along with Sidney Govou, Coupet also has the distinction of being the only player in Lyon's history to win all four domestic French titles having been a part of all seven Ligue 1 titles, the club's Coupe de France triumph in 2008, the only Coupe de la Ligue win in 2001, and six of the seven Trophée des champions titles. Govou, Coupet, and Juninho share the honour of being only Lyon players who were a part of all seven title runs.
The club's all-time leading scorer is Fleury Di Nallo, who scored 182 goals while at the club from 1960 to 1974. Di Nallo is also third behind Chiesa and Coupet in all time appearances having played in 489 matches during his 14-year stint at the club. Despite Di Nallo's impressive goalscoring record, he doesn't hold the record for most goals scored during a league season. That distinction was held by Bourg-en-Bresse-born André Guy who notched 25 goals, which he attained in the 1968–69 season, however Alexandre Lacazette scored his 26th goal of the 2014-2015 league season in an important game away to Reims when he scored in the 6th minute.
Lyon's biggest victory is 10–0, which occurred of two occasions against Ajaccio in the 1953–54 edition of the Coupe de France and, two seasons later, against Delle in the 1955–56 edition of the competition. Lyon's biggest league victory is 8–0 and also occurred on two occasions. The first being during the 1966–67 season against Angers and the second being against Marseille during the 1997–98 season. The club's biggest victory on the European stage occurred during the 1974–75 season. Lyon hammered Luxembourg-based club FA Red Boys Differdange 7–0.
Rivalries
Historically, Lyon has a healthy rivalry with fellow Ligue 1 club Saint-Étienne, whom they contest the Derby Rhône-Alpes with.[17] However, since the club's dominance at the start of the new millennium, they have established rivalries with Marseille, Bordeaux, Paris Saint-Germain, and Lille. Lyon also share minor rivalries with fellow Rhône-Alpes clubs Grenoble and AS Lyon Duchère.
The Saint-Étienne rivalry began during the 1960s when Lyon established permanent residency in the French first division. The Arpitan rivalry stems from both clubs close proximity of each other, separated by just 38 miles, as well as historical social and cultural difference between the two cities where they are based; Lyon cited as being more upper-class, while Saint-Étienne is cited as being more working-class.[17] The derby also pits "the recently most successful French club" (Lyon) against "the formerly biggest French club" (Saint-Étienne) and is often cited as one of the high-points of the Ligue 1 season.
Lyon's rivalry with Olympique de Marseille goes back to 23 September 1945, when the clubs contested their first match. The derby, often called Choc des Olympiques (Clash of the Olympics), is often cited as being particularly important as both clubs are of high standard in French football and the championship is regularly decided between the two. Marseille, Saint-Étienne, Lyon, and PSG are the only French clubs to have won the French first division four straight times with Marseille doing it on two occasions.
Sponsors
On 7 August 2009, Lyon announced that it would sign a ten-year deal with the German sportswear brand Adidas, effective at the start of the 2010–11 season with Lyon earning €5 million annually from the deal, plus possible royalty fees based on product sales.[18]
Following the 2008–09 season, Lyon's long-term sponsorship agreement with the French multinational corporation Accor and Renault Trucks ended. On 22 July 2009, the Paris-based online bookmaker BetClic reached an agreement with Lyon to advertise on the club's kits. However, due to French law prohibiting online gambling, Lyon could not wear its kits displaying the BetClic logo. On 12 August 2009, just before the opening league match against Le Mans, the club was relieved of its BetClic-sponsored shirts by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, who warned the club that it risked forfeiting points if they wore them.[19] Lyon complied and, since the Le Mans match, has worn sponsor-less shirts while playing on French soil. Lyon is free to wear its BetClic sponsored shirts outside France: on 25 August 2009 the club unveiled the shirts in Belgium while taking on Anderlecht in the UEFA Champions League. On 15 January 2010, Lyon secured a sponsorship agreement with Japanese video game company Sony Computer Entertainment to display the company's PlayStation logo on their shirts. The deal lasts until the end of the 2009–10 season. In 2010, the French ban on online gambling advertising was lifted, and Lyon began wearing its Betclic-sponsored shirts on French soil. In August 2012, the club agreed a two-year sponsorship deal with Korean car manufacturers Hyundai, that would start in 2012–13 season, replacing BetClic as the main sponsor in their shirts for Ligue 1 matches.
Minor sponsors of the club include LG, APICIL, and MDA Électroménager. During Coupe de France matches, the club wear kits sponsored by SFR, Caisse d'Épargne, and Pitch as they are main sponsors of the French Football Federation. During Coupe de la Ligue matches, Lyon wear shirts with the Speedy Triangle logo on the front as they are main sponsors of the LFP.
Shirt sponsors and manufacturers
Shirt manufacturers
- 1984–93: Duarig
- 1993–98: Nike
- 1998–03: Adidas
- 2003–10: Umbro
- 2010–present: Adidas
Shirt sponsors
- 1984–89: Giraudy Affichage
- 1989–91: Le69
- 1991–92: Zenith Datasystem, Canal+
- 1992–93: Giraudy,Candia
- 1993–99: Sodexho, Justin Bridou
- 1999–01: Infogrames
- 2001–03: Continental
- 2003–06: Renault Trucks/LG
- 2006–09: Ticket Restaurant/Novotel
- 2009–10: PlayStation 3/Kool Sheen
- 2010–11: Betclic
- 2011–12: Everest Poker/Renault Truck/Credit Agricole
- 2012–present: Hyundai/Veolia Environnement
Honours
Lyon has won Ligue 1 seven times, which ranks tied for 4th in French football history. Lyon has the distinction of starting a national record-breaking streak of seven successive titles beginning with the 2001–02 season. The club has also been crowned champions of Ligue 2 three times, won four Coupe de France titles, one Coupe de la Ligue title, and a record seven Trophée des Champions. Though the club is a regular participant in the UEFA Champions League, they have only reached as far as the semifinals, which was accomplished during the 2009–10 season. Lyon has won the UEFA Intertoto Cup, achieving this honour in 1997.
Domestic
League
- Winners (7): 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08
- Runners-up (3): 1994–95, 2009–10, 2014–15
Cups
- Winners (8): 1973, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2012 (Record)
- Runners-up (3): 1967, 2008, 2015
European
- Winners (1): 1997
Other Trophies
Players
Current squad
As of 1 February 2016[20]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Reserve squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Players with dual citizenship
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Rachid Ghezzal -
Bakary Koné -
Henri Bedimo -
Arnold Mvuemba - Nabil Fekir
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Steed Malbranque - Olivier Kemen
- Samuel Umtiti
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Maxwel Cornet -
Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa -
Gueïda Fofana -
Lindsay Rose -
Aldo Kalulu -
Corentin Tolisso -
Zakarie Labidi -
Christopher Martins Pereira -
Anthony Lopes
Former players
For a complete list of former Olympique Lyonnais players with a Wikipedia article, see here.
Numbers of honour
16 – retired in 1999 in recognition of goalkeeper Luc Borrelli. Borrelli was killed in a road accident in February of that year. In 2011, the number was brought out of retirement and given to back-up goalkeeper Anthony Lopes
17 – retired in 2003 in recognition of midfielder Marc-Vivien Foé. Foé died while playing for Cameroon in the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup at Stade de Gerland, Lyon. The number was brought out of retirement in 2008 to allow Cameroonian player Jean Makoun to wear it. Following Makoun's departure, the number went without use for a year. In 2011, it was given to Alexandre Lacazette.
Award winners
- UNFP Player of the Year
The following players have won the UNFP Player of the Year whilst playing for Lyon:
Michael Essien – 2005
Juninho Pernambucano – 2006- Florent Malouda – 2007
- Karim Benzema – 2008
Lisandro López – 2010- Alexandre Lacazette – 2015
- Bravo Award
The following players have won the Bravo Award whilst playing for Lyon:
- Karim Benzema – 2008
Managers
Olympique Lyonnais has had 22 permanent managers and two caretaker managers since the club's first appointed Oscar Heisserer as a professional manager in 1950. Heisserer also served as the first player-coach of the club, coming out of retirement to play during his final season at the club. The longest-serving manager in terms of time was Aimé Mignot, who managed Lyon for 8 years from 1968 to 1976. Alain Perrin, who managed the club from 2007–08, was the first Lyon manager to achieve the double.
Current coaching staff
- As of 23 May 2014.[22]
| Position | Name |
|---|---|
| Manager | Bruno Genesio |
| Assistant manager | Michel Audrain |
| Assistant manager | Gérald Baticle |
Olympique Lyonnais ladies
Olympique Lyonnais (ladies) currently play in France's top division, the Championnat de France de football féminin. The ladies team was set up in the 1970s as part of FC Lyon, but was attached to OL in the summer of 2004. They mostly play their home games at Plaine des Jeux de Gerland, 400 metres from Stade Gerland, the main stadium.
Honours
References
- ↑ "According to Lyon's official website, it suggests that it considers this its foundation date rather than 1899 – (translation: "1950, date of the club's creation")". OLWeb.fr. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
- ↑ "EL'OM, équipe de football préférée des Français". Le Point (in French). 7 August 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
- ↑ "OL Groupe". Euronext. 31 October 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ↑ "Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ↑ "English clubs dominate 2009 Money League". FourFourTwo. 12 February 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ↑ "Le grand stade est relancé". France Soir (in French). 16 October 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ↑ http://www.olweb.fr/en/team/new-stadium-167.html
- ↑ "La construction d'enceintes sportives en France relèvent du parcours du combattant". France Soir (in French). 23 October 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ↑ "OL Land serait séléctionné pour l'Euro 2016". France Soir (in French). 22 September 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ↑ "Les 12 villes retenues". French Football Federation. 11 November 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
- ↑ Lyon : Tola Vologe
- ↑ "OL 1955–1960". Fan Foot. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ↑ "OL 1960–1965". Fan Foot. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ↑ "OL 1970–1975". Fan Foot. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ↑ "OL 1975–1980". Fan Foot. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ↑
- 1 2 "Power struggle on the Rhone". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
- ↑ "Olympique Lyonnais signed with Adidas". EU Football. 14 August 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ↑ "Olympique Lyonnais may take legal action against French league". EU Football. 12 August 2009. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ↑ http://www.olweb.fr/en/male/roster-121.html
- ↑ http://www.lfp.fr/club/olympique-lyonnais
- ↑
External links
Official
- Olympique Lyonnais (French) (English)
- ESPNsoccernet: Olympique Lyonnais
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