Olyokminsk

Not to be confused with Olyokminsky (rural locality).
Olyokminsk (English)
Олёкминск (Russian)
Өлүөхүмэ (Yakut)
-  Town[1]  -
Town under district jurisdiction[1]

Location of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia
Olyokminsk
Location of Olyokminsk in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
Coordinates: 60°22′N 120°25′E / 60.367°N 120.417°E / 60.367; 120.417Coordinates: 60°22′N 120°25′E / 60.367°N 120.417°E / 60.367; 120.417
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of June 2009)
Country Russia
Federal subject Sakha Republic[1]
Administrative district Olyokminsky District[1]
Town Olyokminsk[1]
Administrative center of Olyokminsky District,[1] Town of Olyokminsk[1]
Municipal status (as of April 2012)
Municipal district Olyokminsky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Olyokminsk Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Olyokminsky Municipal District,[3] Olyokminsk Urban Settlement[2]
Head Semyon Fedulov
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 9,494 inhabitants[4]
Time zone YAKT (UTC+09:00)[5]
Founded 1635[1]
Town status since 1783
Postal code(s)[6] 678100, 678139
Dialing code(s) +7 41138
Olyokminsk on Wikimedia Commons
Olyokminsk population
2010 Census 9,494[4]
2002 Census 10,003[7]
1989 Census 11,478[8]
1979 Census 10,595[9]

Olyokminsk (Russian: Олёкминск; IPA: [ɐˈlʲɵkmʲɪnsk]; Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ, Ölüöxümə) is a town and the administrative center of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Lena River, 651 kilometers (405 mi) southwest of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,494.[4]

History

It was founded in 1635[1] as an ostrog by the Cossacks led by Pyotr Beketov, sited on the left bank of the Lena opposite the mouth of the Olyokma River. The outpost was later moved a few kilometers upstream, to a location less prone to flooding in spring.

As the junction for river traffic on the Lena and Olyokma, it was the base for Russian expeditions further east and eventually became a trade center on the river route to Yakutsk. Town status was granted to it in 1783.

Decembrists Nikolay Chizhov and Andrey Andreyev were exiled here.

During World War II, an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian (ALSIB) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front.[10]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Olyokminsk serves as the administrative center of Olyokminsky District.[1] As an inhabited locality, Olyokminsk is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated within Olyokminsky District as the Town of Olyokminsk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Olyokminsk is incorporated within Olyokminsky Municipal District as Olyokminsk Urban Settlement.[2]

Economy and infrastructure

Timber processing and a power plant are the focus of the town's economy, along with farming in the surrounding area.

Transportation

Olyokminsk is served by the Olyokminsk Airport (IATA: OLZ).

Culture and sights

The town is notable for a number of surviving pre-20th century wooden architecture, including the Alexander Nevsky Chapel (1891) and Cathedral of Our Savior (1860).

Climate

Olyokminsk has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters have temperatures averaging from −34.6 to −26.6 °C (−30.3 to −15.9 °F) in January, while summers have average temperatures from +12.0 to +24.8 °C (53.6 to 76.6 °F) in July. In the summer months of June, July, and August, it is not uncommon for temperatures to surpass +30 °C (86 °F) during the day. Precipitation is significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year.

On August 6, 1986, Olyokminsk recorded its highest ever temperature of +37.7 °C (99.9 °F).[11] The record low for Olyokminsk was −60.1 °C (−76.2 °F) in 1907.[12] July is the only month when temperatures never dropped below 0 °C (32 °F) and December is only month when temperatures have never reached 0 °C (32 °F).

Climate data for Olyokminsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 2.8
(37)		 1.0
(33.8)		 11.2
(52.2)		 18.8
(65.8)		 31.1
(88)		 35.4
(95.7)		 36.5
(97.7)		 37.7
(99.9)		 26.6
(79.9)		 18.2
(64.8)		 6.1
(43)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 37.7
(99.9)
Average high °C (°F) −26.6
(−15.9)		 −20.4
(−4.7)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 3.3
(37.9)		 13.3
(55.9)		 22.2
(72)		 24.8
(76.6)		 21.2
(70.2)		 11.5
(52.7)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −16.6
(2.1)		 −26.0
(−14.8)		 −0.18
(31.67)
Daily mean °C (°F) −30.7
(−23.3)		 −25.9
(−14.6)		 −15.1
(4.8)		 −2.9
(26.8)		 7.1
(44.8)		 15.3
(59.5)		 18.4
(65.1)		 14.6
(58.3)		 6.1
(43)		 −5.0
(23)		 −20.8
(−5.4)		 −29.9
(−21.8)		 −5.73
(21.68)
Average low °C (°F) −34.6
(−30.3)		 −30.7
(−23.3)		 −21.8
(−7.2)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 8.5
(47.3)		 12.0
(53.6)		 8.8
(47.8)		 1.4
(34.5)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −24.9
(−12.8)		 −33.7
(−28.7)		 −11.02
(12.16)
Record low °C (°F) −60.1
(−76.2)		 −57.6
(−71.7)		 −47.4
(−53.3)		 −35.1
(−31.2)		 −16.1
(3)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −14.5
(5.9)		 −32.1
(−25.8)		 −49.1
(−56.4)		 −57.2
(−71)		 −60.1
(−76.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.67)		 11
(0.43)		 9
(0.35)		 10
(0.39)		 32
(1.26)		 39
(1.54)		 58
(2.28)		 50
(1.97)		 40
(1.57)		 21
(0.83)		 21
(0.83)		 18
(0.71)		 326
(12.83)
Average rainy days 0 0 0.2 3 15 16 15 15 16 5 0.1 0 85.3
Average snowy days 27 23 18 11 3 0.1 0 0 2 20 27 27 158.1
Average relative humidity (%) 80 79 71 60 57 63 69 74 75 77 82 80 72.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 38 116 211 249 268 295 308 241 152 93 60 17 2,048
Source #1: pogoda.ru.net,[12]
Source #2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[13]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
  2. 1 2 3 4 Law #173-Z #353-III
  3. ↑ Law #172-Z #351-III
  4. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  7. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. (All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года (All-Union Population Census of 1979) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1979. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
  10. ↑ Igor Lebedev. Aviation Lend-Lease to Russia. Nova Publishers, 1997, pp. 44–49
  11. ↑ "Station Details: OLEKMINSK, RS, GHCND:RSM00024944". NOAA Climate Data Online. Retrieved June 10, 2013. (Select year to 1986, month to 8 and click "View Data" to verify)
  12. 1 2 "Weather And Climate - Climate Olekminsk" (in Russian). Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Climate Normals for Olekminsk". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 20, 2013.

Sources

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