PARD3

Par-3 family cell polarity regulator
Rendering based on PDB 2KOM​.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2KOM​
Identifiers
Symbols	PARD3 ; ASIP; Baz; PAR3; PAR3alpha; PARD-3; PARD3A; PPP1R118; SE2-5L16; SE2-5LT1; SE2-5T2
External IDs	OMIM: 606745 MGI: 2135608 HomoloGene: 10489 GeneCards: PARD3 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein kinase C binding • protein binding • phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding • phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding • protein phosphatase binding • phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding Cellular component • spindle • cytosol • plasma membrane • cell-cell junction • cell-cell adherens junction • bicellular tight junction • cell cortex • endomembrane system • cell junction • internode region of axon • neuronal cell body • protein complex • axonal growth cone • apical part of cell Biological process • microtubule cytoskeleton organization • apical constriction • protein complex assembly • protein targeting to membrane • cell cycle • establishment or maintenance of cell polarity • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway • protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • axonogenesis • asymmetric cell division • negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation • myelination in peripheral nervous system • positive regulation of myelination • regulation of actin filament-based process • cell junction assembly • wound healing, spreading of cells • cell-cell junction organization • centrosome localization • regulation of cellular localization • bicellular tight junction assembly • establishment of epithelial cell polarity Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	56288	93742
Ensembl	ENSG00000148498	ENSMUSG00000025812
UniProt	Q8TEW0	Q99NH2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001184785	NM_001013580
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001171714	NP_001013598
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 34.11 – 34.82 Mb	Chr 8: 127.06 – 127.61 Mb
PubMed search

Partitioning defective 3 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD3 gene.^[1][2]

Function

PARD proteins, which were first identified in C. elegans, are essential for asymmetric cell division and polarized growth, whereas CDC42 (MIM 116952) mediates the establishment of cell polarity. The CDC42 GTPase, which is controlled by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; see MIM 606057) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs; see MIM 604980), interacts with a large set of effector proteins that typically contain a CDC42/RAC (MIM 602048)-interactive binding (CRIB) domain.[supplied by OMIM]^[2]

Interactions

PARD3 has been shown to interact with:

• JAM2,^[3]
• JAM3,^[3]
• PRKCI,^[4] and
• PVRL3.^[5]

References

1. Joberty G, Petersen C, Gao L, Macara IG (Oct 2000). "The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42". Nat Cell Biol 2 (8): 531–9. doi:10.1038/35019573. PMID 10934474.
2. "Entrez Gene: PARD3 par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans)".
3. Ebnet K, Aurrand-Lions M, Kuhn A, Kiefer F, Butz S, Zander K, Meyer zu Brickwedde MK, Suzuki A, Imhof BA, Vestweber D (Oct 2003). "The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members JAM-2 and JAM-3 associate with the cell polarity protein PAR-3: a possible role for JAMs in endothelial cell polarity". J. Cell. Sci. 116 (Pt 19): 3879–91. doi:10.1242/jcs.00704. PMID 12953056.
4. Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H (Dec 2002). "PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (4): 641–6. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02698-0. PMID 12459187.
5. Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y (Feb 2003). "Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5497–500. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200707200. PMID 12515806.

Further reading

• Johansson A, Driessens M, Aspenström P (2000). "The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.". J. Cell. Sci. 113 (18): 3267–75. PMID 10954424.
• Eichmuller S, Usener D, Dummer R, Stein A, Thiel D, Schadendorf D (2001). "Serological detection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigens.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (2): 629–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.021386498. PMC 14639. PMID 11149944.
• Suzuki A, Yamanaka T, Hirose T, Manabe N, Mizuno K, Shimizu M, Akimoto K, Izumi Y, Ohnishi T, Ohno S (2001). "Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures.". J. Cell Biol. 152 (6): 1183–96. doi:10.1083/jcb.152.6.1183. PMC 2199212. PMID 11257119.
• Noda Y, Takeya R, Ohno S, Naito S, Ito T, Sumimoto H (2001). "Human homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell polarity protein PAR6 as an adaptor that links the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 to atypical protein kinase C.". Genes Cells 6 (2): 107–19. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00404.x. PMID 11260256.
• Ebnet K, Suzuki A, Horikoshi Y, Hirose T, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Ohno S, Vestweber D (2001). "The cell polarity protein ASIP/PAR-3 directly associates with junctional adhesion molecule (JAM).". EMBO J. 20 (14): 3738–48. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.14.3738. PMC 125258. PMID 11447115.
• Fang CM, Xu YH (2002). "Down-regulated expression of atypical PKC-binding domain deleted asip isoforms in human hepatocellular carcinomas.". Cell Res. 11 (3): 223–9. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290090. PMID 11642408.
• Gao L, Macara IG, Joberty G (2003). "Multiple splice variants of Par3 and of a novel related gene, Par3L, produce proteins with different binding properties.". Gene 294 (1–2): 99–107. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00681-9. PMID 12234671.
• Kohjima M, Noda Y, Takeya R, Saito N, Takeuchi K, Sumimoto H (2003). "PAR3beta, a novel homologue of the cell polarity protein PAR3, localizes to tight junctions". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (4): 641–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02698-0. PMID 12459187.
• Takekuni K, Ikeda W, Fujito T, Morimoto K, Takeuchi M, Monden M, Takai Y (2003). "Direct binding of cell polarity protein PAR-3 to cell-cell adhesion molecule nectin at neuroepithelial cells of developing mouse". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 5497–500. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200707200. PMID 12515806.
• Warner DR, Pisano MM, Roberts EA, Greene RM (2003). "Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity". FEBS Lett. 539 (1–3): 167–73. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00155-8. PMID 12650946.
• Brajenovic M, Joberty G, Küster B, Bouwmeester T, Drewes G (2004). "Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human Par protein complexes reveals an interconnected protein network". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (13): 12804–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312171200. PMID 14676191.
• Navarro-Lérida I, Martínez Moreno M, Roncal F, Gavilanes F, Albar JP, Rodríguez-Crespo I (2004). "Proteomic identification of brain proteins that interact with dynein light chain LC8". Proteomics 4 (2): 339–46. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300528. PMID 14760703.
• Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, Mukherji M, Stettler-Gill M, Peters EC (2004). "Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry". Anal. Chem. 76 (10): 2763–72. doi:10.1021/ac035352d. PMID 15144186.
• Liu XF, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Miki T (2004). "Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (15): 6665–75. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.15.6665-6675.2004. PMC 444862. PMID 15254234.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
• Jin J, Smith FD, Stark C, Wells CD, Fawcett JP, Kulkarni S, Metalnikov P, O'Donnell P, Taylor P, Taylor L, Zougman A, Woodgett JR, Langeberg LK, Scott JD, Pawson T (2004). "Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization". Curr. Biol. 14 (16): 1436–50. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.051. PMID 15324660.