Paltry tyrannulet
| Paltry tyrannulet[1] | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Zimmerius |
| Species: | Z. vilissimus |
| Binomial name | |
| Zimmerius vilissimus (Sclater & Salvin, 1859) | |
The paltry tyrannulet (Zimmerius vilissimus), also known as the mistletoe tyrannulet, is a very small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from southern Mexico to Panama. The Venezuelan tyrannulet (Z. improbus) of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela was previously considered to be a subspecies of this bird.
The paltry tyrannulet is a common bird from the lowlands to 3000 m altitude, mainly in humid regions. It can be found in forests, second growth, pasture and plantations with trees, and shady gardens.
The nest is roughly spherical with a side entrance and made of mosses and lined with plant fibre; it may be built amongst mosses or dangling epiphyte roots, inside a large dead leaf, or inside or below a yellow-olive flycatcher's pendant nest. It is constructed 2–15 m above the ground. The typical clutch is two rufous-marked dull white eggs. Incubation by the female is 14–15 days to hatching, with another 17 days to fledging.
The paltry tyrannulet is 9.5 cm long and weighs 8.5 g. The upperparts are olive-green other than a dull grey crown to the head and grey supercilia. The wings are blackish with yellow feather edging but no wing bars, and the longish tail is dusky. The throat and breast are off-white with grey streaking, the belly is white, and the flanks have a dull yellow-green cast. The long legs are blackish. The sexes are similar, but young birds have an olive crown, yellow-tinged supercilia and broader but paler wing bars. The call is a loud peeer and the dawn song is a plaintive yer-de-dee, yer-de-dee.
The paltry tyrannulet is an active bird, usually seen alone or in pairs high in trees. It eats mainly mistletoe, but also other berries and small insects, all taken in flight in short sallies from a perch.
References
- ↑ Gill, F., Wright, M. & Donsker, D. (2009). IOC World Bird Names (version 2.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ Accessed 30 August 2009
- ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Zimmerius vilissimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
- Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0-8014-9600-4
External links
- Photo; Article Guatemalan Study area
- Photo; Article AOCR-(Costa Rica)
- "Paltry tyrannulet" photo gallery VIREO
