Paris Métro Line 1

Line 1
Overview
System Paris Métro
Locale 6 communes (Paris, Puteaux,
Neuilly-Sur-Seine, Courbevoie,
Saint-Mandé, Vincennes)
Termini La Défense
Château de Vincennes
Connecting lines Paris Métro Paris Métro Line 2 Paris Métro Line 4 Paris Métro Line 5 Paris Métro Line 6 Paris Métro Line 7 Paris Métro Line 8 Paris Métro Line 9 Paris Métro Line 11 Paris Métro Line 12 Paris Métro Line 13 Paris Métro Line 14
RER RER A RER B RER C RER D
Tramways in Île-de-France Île-de-France tramway Line 2 Île-de-France tramway Line 3a Île-de-France tramway Line 3b
Stations 25
Ridership 207,000,000 (2010) (avg. per year)
1st/16 (2010)
Operation
Opened 1900
Operator(s) RATP
Conduction system Automated (SAET)
Rolling stock MP 05
(52 trains as of May 27, 2015)
Technical
Line length 16.6 km (10.3 mi)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Route map

Paris Métro Line 1 is one of the sixteen lines composing the Paris Métro (in Paris, France). It connects the La Défense – Grande Arche and Château de Vincennes stations. With a length of 16.5 km, it constitutes an important "East-West" transportation route for the City of Paris. Excluding RER (French: Réseau Express Régional) lines, it is the most utilised subway line on the network with 213 million travellers in 2008[1] or 725,000 people per day on average.[2]

Line 1 (as indicated by its name) was the first line to open, with its inaugural section opening in 1900. It is also the first line on the network to be converted from manually driven operation to fully automated operation. Conversion, which commenced in 2007 and was completed in 2011, included new rolling stock, the MP 05, and laying of platform edge doors in all stations. The first eight MP 05 trains (#s 501 through 508) went into passenger service on 3 November 2011,[3][4] allowing the accelerated transfer of the existing MP 89CC stock to line 4. The conversion allowed Line 1 to operate as the system's second fully automated line, after Line 14.

A transition to fully automated services was done without major interruption to passenger traffic. The new MP 05 rolling stock was able to operate efficiently alongside the manually-driven MP 89 CC rolling stock until there were enough MP 05 to no longer facilitate the need of the MP 89. Full automation was achieved for evening services in May 2012, with an increase to weekend services by August 2012. As of 15 December 2012 Line 1 is 100% automated with only a few MP 89 CC trains being used during rush hours when needed. The remaining 5 trains will remain stored on Line 1 near the Fontenay workshops until a new garage for Line 4 is opened south of the new Mairie de Montrouge station in February 2013.

History

Train at Bastille station in 1908

In November 1898, Paris decided to undertake preliminary work of the metro network with the construction of the first line of the Parisian subway system. Work lasted twenty months under the leadership of engineer Fulgence Bienvenüe and was financed by the municipality of Paris. The line was divided into eight parts distributed between several companies. On 19 July 1900, the line was opened between Porte Maillot and Porte de Vincennes to connect the various sites of the World Fair. Only eight stations were finalized and opened with the inauguration; ten more were gradually opened between 6 August and 1 September 1900. The line followed the east-west monument axis in Paris. These eighteen stations were entirely built under the control of engineer Fulgence Bienvenüe, the majority of them 75 metres long and 4.10 metres wide. In March 1934, the first extension into the suburbs brought service to Château of Vincennes towards the east.

Chronology

Rolling Stock

Line 1 has had five different types of rolling stock throughout the years (from fr:Ligne 1 du métro de Paris#Matériel roulant).

Automation

With the success of Line 14, the RATP began to explore the possibility of automating existing lines on the system. The agency first focused on Line 1, since it is the busiest of all of the Paris subway lines, and also the line most frequented by tourists. Automation would not only allow for Paris to remain as a model for technological innovations in the railway industry but also would permit an increase in the number of lines in normal service when RATP workers are striking (from MP 05).

Work began in 2007 and was largely carried out without interrupting passenger traffic. Preliminary work involved electrical and signaling upgrades throughout the entire line. Work also commenced on converting the original Porte Maillot station (also known as "Espace Maillot") into a light maintenance facility for the MP 05 rolling stock. In 2009, work commenced on installing platform screen doors; with Bérault and Porte Maillot being the first stations to be equipped. Due to its curved platform, Bastille (in 2011) was among the last stations to be equipped. During this time, stations were intermittently closed to allow platforms to be leveled with the height of the train floors (from fr:Ligne 1 du métro de Paris).

Although most of the stations remain the same as they were prior to automation (with the exception of the platform screen doors), many stations like St. Paul, received brand new signage. Franklin D. Roosevelt received a complete overhaul from its post World War II facade to a more contemporary & modern look.

On November 3, 2011, the first eight trains of the new MP 05 rolling stock were put into service on Line 1. These trains were able to run efficiently alongside the MP 89 CC rolling stock until enough automated stock was available for passenger service. This cascading was achieved thanks to the SAET (French: Système d'automatisation de l'exploitation des trains) system, which is the first version of Siemens Transportation Systems' Trainguard MT CBTC. The arrival of the new stock allowed the RATP to accelerate transfer of the MP 89 from Line 1 to Line 4 at a rate of about 2 to 3 trains per month between November, 2011 and November, 2012. That rate increased to 4 trains per month during November and December, 2012.

Major milestones were reached in May and July, 2012 as full automation reached sufficient levels by which the MP 89 were no longer needed during late evenings and weekends respectively. For the Nuit Blanche during October, 2012, Line 1 also operated in full automation. The final milestone was reached on December 15, 2012, as full automation of Line 1 approached 100%, allowing the remaining MP 89 trains to be pulled from regular service after December 21, 2012. Due to a lack of storage space on Line 4, the remaining 6 to 7 MP 89 trains will remain stored on the Line 1 tracks near Fontenay until a new garage in the Montrouge area opens. That opening is tentatively set for February/March, 2013 and will coincide with the opening of the new Mairie de Montrouge station opening on Line 4.

Future

A western extension of Line 1 from La Défense station to the center of Nanterre is being considered. Another proposal being investigated would have a new station constructed at Fontenay – Rigollots, just before the line climbs to the surface to enter Fontenay shops, and then continue eastward to Val de Fontenay to connect with RER lines A and E.

Map and stations

This line has 25 stations.

Renamed stations

Date Old name New name
27 May 1920 Alma station George V
5 May 1931 Reuilly station Reuilly-Diderot
20 May 1931 Champs-Élysées Champs-Élysées – Clemenceau
26 April 1937 Tourelle Tourelle – Saint-Mandé
6 October 1942 Marbeuf Marbeuf – Rond-Point des Champs-Élysées
30 October 1946 Marbeuf – Rond-Point des Champs-Élysées Franklin D. Roosevelt
25 May 1948 Obligado Argentine
1970 Étoile Charles-de-Gaulle – Étoile
1989 Palais Royal Palais Royal – Musée du Louvre*
1989 Louvre Louvre – Rivoli*
1997 Grande Arche de la Défense La Défense
26 July 2002 Saint-Mandé – Tourelle Saint-Mandé

* The Louvre station renamings were made after the entrance to the museum was moved following construction of the Louvre Pyramid.

Tourism

Line 1 passes near several places of interest:

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ↑ Le Parisien – Pourquoi la ligne 1 circule presque normalement, article du 16 novembre 2007.
  2. ↑ RATP.fr : Ouverture du PCC de la ligne 1 PDF (638 KB), november 16, 2010
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ http://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/les-premieres-rames-automatiques-roulent-sur-la-ligne-1-03-11-2011-1699463.php

External links

Paris Métro Line 1
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