Partially premixed combustion

Partially premixed combustion (PPC), also known as PPCI or GDCI^[1][2][3][4] is a modern combustion process intended to be used in internal combustion engines of automobiles and other motorized vehicles in the future. Its high specific power, high fuel efficiency and low exhaust pollution have made it a promising technology. A PPC engine injects and premixes a lean charge during compression stroke. Thus premixed homogenous charge is too lean to ignite during or at the end of the compression stroke. The charge will ignite once the later fuel injection happens at TDC. The fuel efficiency and working principle of a PPC engine resemble those of Diesel engine, but the PPC engine can be run with a variety of fuels. Also the partially premixed charge burns clean.

References

• "Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets". Green Car Congress. BioAge Group. 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
• Johansson, Bengt (2010-04-29). "Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, for high fuel efficiency engine operation" (PDF). Lund University. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
• Johansson, Bengt (2013-06-10). "Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC – Why all diesel engines should be run on gasoline" (PDF). Lund University. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
• Lindberg, Austin (2013-11-18). "Hyundai Developing Gasoline-Burning Compression-Ignition Engine". Car and Driver. Hearst Communications. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
• Sellnau, Mark; Foster, Matthew; Hoyer, Kevin; Moore, Wayne; Sinnamon, James; Husted, Harry (2014-04-01). "Development of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine" (PDF). SAE International Journal of Engines (SAE International) 7 (2). doi:10.4271/2014-01-1300. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
• Sellnau, Mark; Moore, Wayne; Sinnamon, James; Hoyer, Kevin; Foster, Matthew; Husted, Harry (2015-04-14). "GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions" (PDF). SAE International Journal of Engines (SAE International) 8 (2). doi:10.4271/2015-01-0834. Retrieved 2016-02-14.
• Tunér, Martin (2014-02-28). "State of the art of Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC)" (PDF). Lund University. Retrieved 2016-02-14.
• Tunér, Martin (2015-10-22). "Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, for high efficiency and low emissions" (PDF). Lund University. Retrieved 2016-02-14.

Notes

1. Green Car Congress, 2014. Quote: "Delphi has been developing a multi-cylinder engine concept for PPCI combustion with the current US market gasoline (RON91).… A multiple-late-injection (MLI) strategy with GDI-like injection pressures was selected without use of a premixed charge. The absence of classic knock and pre-ignition limits in this process enabled a higher compression ratio of 15. The engine operates “full time” over the entire operating map with partially premixed compression ignition. No combustion mode switching, diffusion controlled combustion, or spark plugs were used. Delphi uses the term Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) in reference to this combustion process."
2. Sellnau et al, 2014.
3. Sellnau et al, 2015.
4. Tunér, 2014. p. 5. Quote: "A loved child has many names
   • Gautam Kalghatgi - Saudi Aramco – PPCI, GCI
   • Lund – PPC
   • Delphi – GDCI
   • Eindhoven - PPC
   • Wisconsin Madison – PPCI, GCI
   • Sandia – PPCI, LTGC"