Patrick Brontë

The Reverend
Patrick Brontë

Patrick Brontë around 1860
Born (1777-03-17)17 March 1777
Rathfriland, County Down, Ireland
Died 7 June 1861(1861-06-07) (aged 84)
Haworth, Yorkshire, England
Nationality Irish
Occupation Teacher, Clergyman
Spouse(s) Maria Branwell (1783–1821)
Children Maria (b. 23 April 1813, d. 6 May 1825(1825-05-06) (aged 12)
Elizabeth (b. 8 February 1814, d. 15 June 1825(1825-06-15) (aged 11)
Charlotte (b. 21 April 1816, d. 31 March 1855(1855-03-31) (aged 38)
Branwell (b. 26 June 1817, d. 24 September 1848(1848-09-24) (aged 31)
Emily (b. 30 July 1818, d. 19 December 1848(1848-12-19) (aged 30)
Anne (b. 17 January 1820, d. 28 May 1849(1849-05-28) (aged 29)

Patrick Brontë (/ˈbrɒnti/, commonly /ˈbrɒnteɪ/;[1] 17 March 1777 – 7 June 1861) was an Irish-English priest and author who spent most of his adult life in England. He was the father of the writers Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Brontë, and of Branwell Brontë, his only son. Patrick outlived all his children and his wife, the former Maria Branwell, by forty years.

Origins

Patrick Brontë was the first of ten children born to Hugh Brunty, a farm labourer,[2] and Alice McClory,[3] in Drumballyroney (near Rathfriland), County Down. At one point in his adult life, he formally changed the spelling of his name from Brunty to Brontë (see the article on the Brontë family for theories for the change).

He had several apprenticeships (to a blacksmith, a linen draper, and a weaver) until he became a teacher in 1798. He moved to England in 1802 to study theology at St. John's College, Cambridge, and received his BA degree in 1806. He was then appointed curate at Wethersfield, near Braintree in Essex, where he was ordained a deacon of the Church of England in 1806, and into the priesthood in 1807.[4]

Curate

In 1809 he became assistant curate at Wellington, Shropshire, and in 1810 his first published poem, Winter Evening Thoughts, appeared in a local newspaper, followed in 1811 by a collection of moral verses, Cottage Poems. He moved to the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1811 as assistant curate at Hartshead, where he served until 1815.[4] In the meantime (1812) he was appointed a school examiner at a Wesleyan academy, Woodhouse Grove School, near Guiseley. In 1815 he moved again on becoming perpetual curate of Thornton.[4]

Family

At Guiseley Brontë met Maria Branwell (1783–1821), whom he married on 29 December 1812. Their first child, Maria (1813 or 1814–1825[5]), was born after their move to Hartshead, and their second, Elizabeth (1815–1825), after the family moved to Thornton. There the remaining children were born: Charlotte (1816–1855), Patrick Branwell (1817–1848), Emily (1818–1848) and Anne (1820–1849).

Brontë was offered the perpetual curacy of St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth in June 1819, and he took the family there in April 1820. His sister-in-law Elizabeth Branwell (1776–1842), who had lived with the family at Thornton in 1815, joined the household in 1821 to help to look after the children and to care for Maria Brontë, who was suffering the final stages of uterine cancer. Elizabeth decided to move permanently to Haworth to act as housekeeper.

After several attempts to seek a new spouse, Patrick came to terms with widowhood at the age of 47, and spent his time visiting the sick and the poor, giving sermons, communion, and extreme unction,[6] leaving the three sisters Emily, Charlotte, Anne, and their brother Branwell alone with their aunt and a maid, Tabitha Aykroyd (Tabby), who tirelessly recounted local legends in her Yorkshire dialect while preparing the meals.[7]

Brontë was responsible for the building of a Sunday school in Haworth, which he opened in 1832. He remained active in local causes into his old age, and between 1849 and 1850 organised action to procure a clean water supply for the village, which was eventually achieved in 1856.

In August 1846 Brontë travelled to Manchester, accompanied by Charlotte, to undergo surgery on his eyes. On 28 August he was operated upon, without anaesthetic, to remove cataracts. Surgeons did not yet know how to use stitches to hold the incision in the eye together and as a consequence the patient was required to lie quietly in a darkened room, for weeks after the operation. Charlotte who used her time in Manchester to begin writing Jane Eyre, the book which was to make her famous.[8]

After the death of his last surviving child, Charlotte, nine months after her marriage, he co-operated with Elizabeth Gaskell on the biography of his daughter. He was also responsible for the posthumous publication of Charlotte's first novel, The Professor, in 1857. Charlotte's husband, Arthur Bell Nicholls (1819–1906), who had been Brontë's curate, stayed in the household until he returned to Ireland after Brontë's death, at the age of 84, in 1861. Brontë outlived not only his wife (by 40 years) but all six of his children.

References

  1. ↑ As given by Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature (Merriam-Webster, incorporated, Publishers: Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995), p viii: "When our research shows that an author's pronunciation of his or her name differs from common usage, the author's pronunciation is listed first, and the descriptor commonly precedes the more familiar pronunciation." See also entries on Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë, pp 175–176.
  2. ↑ Dickins, Gordon (1987). An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire. Shropshire Libraries. p. 9. ISBN 0-903802-37-6.
  3. ↑ Banbridge, Culture Northern Ireland
  4. 1 2 3 "Brontë, Patrick (BRNT802P)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  5. ↑ Patricia Ingham (2006): The Brontës (Oxford University Press), xii–xiii.
  6. ↑ Barker, Juliet R.V. (1995). The Brontës. Phoenix House. pp. 241–242.
  7. ↑ Smith Kenyon, Karen (2002). The Brontë Family: Passionate Literary Geniuses. Lerner Publications. p. 27.
  8. ↑ Carpenter, Mary Wilson. "A Cultural History of Ophthalmology in Nineteenth-Century Britain". Branchcollective.org. Retrieved 26 March 2016.

Further reading

External links

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