Patrick Hennessy (painter)

For other people named Patrick Hennessy, see Patrick Hennessy.
Patrick Hennessy

Self Portrait and Cat, 1978
Born (1915-08-28)28 August 1915
Cork, Ireland
Died 30 December 1980(1980-12-30) (aged 65)
London, UK
Nationality Irish
Education Dundee School of Art
Known for Still Life, Landscape and trompe l'oeil paintings
Movement Realism

Patrick Anthony Hennessy RHA (28 August 1915 – 30 December 1980) was an Irish realist painter. He was known for his highly finished still lifes, landscapes and trompe l'oeil paintings.[1] The hallmark of his style was his carefully observed realism and his highly finished surfaces, the result of a virtuoso painting technique.[2] He was brought up in Arbroath by his mother and step-father, his father having being killed during World War One. He attended Dundee School of Art where he met his life long companion Harry Robertson Craig. Two of his paintings were accepted in 1939 at the Royal Scottish Academy for their Annual Exhibition. For the next 29 years he lived in Ireland with extended trips abroad. He was elected a member of the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1949. The Hendriks Gallery in Dublin and the Guildhall Galleries in Chicago were the main outlets for his work. In the late 1960s he moved permanently to Tangier and then, after suffering ill health, to the Algarve. He died in London.

Life and work

Early life in Ireland

Patrick Hennessy was born in Cork, Ireland in 1915. The son of John Hennessy an army sergeant major(Leinster Regiment)from County Kerry and Bridget Hennessy from Cork.[3] John Hennessy was killed at the battle of Passchendaele in 1917. In 1921 when Patrick was still five years old his mother Bridget re-married in Cork.Her second husband was a Scot named John Duncan and shortly afterwards the whole family moved to Arbroath, Scotland.[4][5][6]

Life in Scotland

Patrick Hennessy was educated in Arbroath at St Thomas RC Primary School followed by secondary education at Arbroath High School, (1927 - 1933), where he began to show an aptitude for art leaving in 1933 with the Dux for Art and an accompanying medal.[7] In the autumn of that year he enrolled at the Dundee School of Art, for a four-year Diploma course in Drawing and Painting under James McIntosh Patrick.[1] Here he met Harry Robertson Craig who would become his lifelong companion.[6][8] Hennessy played a full part in the social activities of the college, winning a fancy dress award at the Christmas revels in 1935[9] and producing a ballet "Paradise Lost" the following year.[10] He gained a First Class Pass in each year of the course along with winning first prize in 1934 and 1936 for work done during the summer vacation.[11] He graduated with a First Class Distinction in 1937. Having gained a scholarship he continued his studies there for a further year by doing a Post-Graduate Diploma course in Drawing and Painting.[12] He also helped out his old high school by painting the background scenery at their concert.[13] Within a month of gaining his Post-Graduate Diploma he held his first joint exhibition at the Art Galleries in Arbroath.[14] In June 1938 he was awarded the Annual Travelling Scholarship for further studies in Paris and Italy.[6][15] In Paris he met up with the artists Robert Colquhoun and Robert MacBryde whom he had met the previous year, the three travelling south together to Marseilles towards the end of that year.[16] On his return to Scotland he was selected for the residential summer school course at Hospitalfield House near Arbroath under James Cowie.[17] Hennessy voiced some criticism of the Principal of Dundee College of Art for not recruiting locally.[18] Two of his paintings, a still life and a self-portrait, were accepted that year by the Royal Scottish Academy for their Annual Exhibition.[1][19] However by the autumn of 1939 with war looming and feeling somewhat disenchanted on his return to Scotland after his travels abroad, he took the decision to leave Scotland and return to Ireland.[1][20]

Life in Ireland

On arrival in Dublin Hennessy was offered an exhibition in December 1939 at the Country Shop on St Stephens Green which was opened by Mainie Jellett. This attracted favourable attention.[21] During the early forties he lived at various addresses in and around Dublin city with frequent trips to Cork. In 1940 he was invited to join the Dublin Painters Society and held regular annual exhibitions of his work there during the forties and early fifties. These exhibitions were supplemented by an eclectic mix of commissions, mostly portraits which he undertook during this period. In 1941 Hennessy had three of his paintings accepted by the Royal Hibernian Academy,RHA, for their annual exhibition. This was the beginning of a long relationship with the RHA.[1] He exhibited there virtually every year from 1941 until 1979 the year before his death. He re-united with Harry Robertson Craig in 1946 and soon after they moved to Crosshaven Co.Cork and later, in 1948, to Cobh Co. Cork.[1] In 1948 he had an exhibition at the Victor Waddington Gallery, Dublin and that same year was elected an associate of the Royal Hibernian Academy and a full member the following year.[1] In 1950 his painting De Profundis was selected for the Contemporary Irish Painting exhibition that toured north America. As a result of this tour, the American public and critics began to take notice of his work. In 1951 the Dublin Painters Society held a Retrospective Exhibition of his work covering the period 1941 to 1951.[1] Also in 1951 Hennessy visited Italy taking in Venice and Sicily and returning to Dublin with many of his canvases painted abroad. One of these paintings Bronze Horses of St. Marks was exhibited at the Royal Academy London in 1954. Hennessy spent a lot of his summer months during this period on trips abroad to France, Italy, Greece and Spain.

In 1956 David Hendriks, a friend of Hennessys, opened the Ritchie Hendriks Gallery on St Stephens Green, Dublin and it was this gallery that was to be the main outlet for Hennessy's work over the following 22 years. In October 1956 the Thomas Agnew Gallery in London held an exhibition of his work comprising 38 of his paintings.[1][22] However during the winter of 1959 Hennessy became seriously ill with pneumonia. As a consequence of this, in the autumn of that year he and Craig decided to winter in Morocco. This was the beginning of a new era in both their lives. They would never again spend a full year in Ireland. Initially they would return after each winter but as the years passed the absences grew longer and longer. Hennessys exhibitions at the Ritchie Hendriks gallery had for many years enjoyed favourable reviews from the art critics but in the 1960s this changed. Some critics claimed his paintings failed to communicate any genuine "personal" vision and criticised his use of ugly colour.[23] Others found them to be dull, repetitive and suggested the artist needed to explore new areas.[24] This criticism became quite savage on occasion with adjectives such as "stale" and "cold" being used to describe his work.[25] One critic wrote that Hennessy deserves admiration of a sort for ploughing such a lonely furrow and that he is one of the true outsiders of latter day Irish painting. He does concede though that his admirers are not likely to worry by this criticism. Stating they are a faithful band none more faithful who have followed him for at least two decades and no matter what reviews he gets the man seems to sell[25] Despite this barrage of criticism, in 1965 the Guildhall Gallery Chicago, to whom he had been sending a small number of paintings for years, offered him a major exhibition. Shortly after this exhibition which took place in 1966 he became one of the artists on permanent display at the gallery with an annual exhibition.[26] The North American market was extremely lucrative for Hennessy and by the end of the decade he was selling more of his work in the US than in Ireland. In 1968 Hennessy finally moved to Tangier, Morocco on a permanent basis and in 1970 sold his studio on Raglan Lane Dublin to his doctor.

Later life

In Morocco Hennessy painted prolifically for nine years to keep up with demand from the Hendriks Gallery and Guildhall Gallery along with the RHA. In 1975 the Guildhall Gallery mounted a highly successful Retrospective of his work. In 1978 Hennessy had his last exhibition in Dublin at the Hendriks Gallery. By now he had moved to the Algarve, Portugal and was beginning to have health problems. He had very little contact with Ireland at this stage and was never to see Hendriks again.

In November 1980 with his health deteriorating Craig brought him to a hospital in London for treatment. However on 30 December 1980 he died from cancer. Following cremation his ashes were buried in nearby Golders Green Crematorium.[1] David Hendriks who knew Hennessy for over twenty years commentted, "I really knew very little about him - he was so non-committal" adding "he wasn't fashionable: wasn't in the mainstream - and he refused to change."[27]

Hennessy Craig Scholorship

Hennessy left his entire estate to Harry Robertson Craig with the proviso that on Craig's death the Royal Hibernian Academy should be the beneficiary. This legacy has been used to set up the annual Hennessy Craig Scholarship for aspiring artists.

Artistic style

Patrick Hennessy falls into the category of painter who developed a distinctive personal style. Labelled at various times in his life as a Traditional Realist, Romantic, Photo Realist, Illusionary and Surrealist. However, he always remained intrinsically himself.[1] His subjects ranged from still life and interiors to landscapes and portraits.[28]

Examples of his work can be found in the public collections of the Crawford Art Gallery; the Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane; the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA); the Limerick City Gallery of Art (LCGA); the National Gallery of Ireland (NGI); the National Self-Portrait Collection of Ireland (NSPCI) at the University of Limerick (UL); and in the collections of University College Cork (UCC) and University College Dublin (UCD).[29][30]

Selected exhibitions

Selected works

Further reading

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Theo Snoddy (1996). Dictionary of Irish Artists 20th Century. Wolfhound Press (Dublin). ISBN 0-86327-562-1.
  2. ↑ Source:Dictionary of Irish Biography by Rebecca Minch
  3. ↑ "Wedding Announcement-Miss Brida Hennessy". The Courier (Dundee). 1 May 1937.
  4. ↑ Patrick Hennessy - De Profundis, Irish Museum of Modern Art
  5. ↑ "Marriage announcement of her eldest daughter Brida". The Courier (Dundee). 1 May 1937.
  6. 1 2 3 Peter Murray (1991). Illustrated Summary Catalogue of The Crawford Municipal Art Gallery. City of Cork Vocational Education Committee. p. 175. ISBN 1874756007.
  7. ↑ "Medals and principal prizes". Arbroath Herald. 30 June 1933.
  8. ↑ Literary Lives: Portraits from the Crawford Art Gallery and Abbey Theatre, Ireland (2010), p.62
  9. ↑ "College of Art-Xmas Revels". The Courier and Advertiser. 21 December 1935.
  10. ↑ "Art Students revels". The Courier and Advertiser. 19 December 1936.
  11. ↑ "Awards for work done during summer vacation-Stage III and V-Patrick Hennessy". The Courier (Dundee). 6 December 1934 – 18 December 1936.
  12. ↑ "Diplomas for Dundee Art Students". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 16 December 1937.
  13. ↑ "High School Concert". Arbroath Herald. 11 March 1938.
  14. ↑ "Art Exhibition at Arbroath-Sir Harry Hope M.P. Performs Opening Cermony". The Courier (Dundee). 18 July 1938.
  15. ↑ "Scholarship for Three Art Students". Dundee Evening Herald. 21 November 1938.
  16. ↑ Roger Bristow (2010). The Last Bohemians, The Two Roberts - Colquhoun and MacBryde. Sansom & Company. ISBN 978-1-906593-19-3.
  17. ↑ "Patrick Hennessy RHA (1915-1980)". Encyclopedia of Visual Arts in Ireland. Visual-Arts-Cork.com. 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  18. ↑ "Letter To the Editor". The Courier (Dundee). 24 May 1939.
  19. ↑ J.M. McEwan (1994). Dictionary of Scottish Art & Architecture. Antiques Collectors Club. ISBN 185149 1341.
  20. ↑ Patrick Hennessy,De Profundis-published on the occasion of the exhibition-ISBN 978-1909792-16-6(inside back cover of book)
  21. ↑ Source:Dictionary of Irish Biography Hennessy Patrick by Rebecca Minch
  22. ↑ Exhibition of Recent Paintings by Patrick Hennessy RHA(Catalogue Price Threepence)Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd. 43 Old Bond St. London W.1.-October 10 - November 3, 1956
  23. ↑ "Patrick Hennessy At The Hendriks Gallery". Irish Times. 6 November 1962.
  24. ↑ "Excellent but dull painting". Irish Press. 6 November 1962.
  25. 1 2 "Paintings By Patrick Hennessy". Irish Times. 16 November 1973.
  26. ↑ Guildhall Galleries Ltd Chicago-Hennessy Brochure
  27. ↑ "Hennessy - A Jewel in the Crown". Sunday Press. 13 January 1981.
  28. ↑ Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane (2006), p.80
  29. ↑ antiquesandartireland.com (23 February 2011). "Patrick Hennessy Portraits at Whytes". antiquesandartireland.com. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  30. ↑ Irish Museum of Modern Art. "Patrick Hennessy (1915-1980)". Irish Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 14 October 2015.

External links

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