Paula Gruden

Paula Gruden
Native name Pavla Gruden
Born (1921-02-14)14 February 1921
Ljubljana, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
Died 26 January 2014(2014-01-26) (aged 92)
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Occupation Poet
Language English, Slovene
Ethnicity Slovene
Citizenship Australian
Genre Haiku

Paula Gruden or Pavla Gruden (14 February 1921 – 26 January 2014)[1][2][3] was an Australian poet, translator, and editor of Slovene descent.

Gruden was born in Ljubljana, at the time a town in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. During the Second World War she was transported to Germany for forced labor,[2][4] and then she worked in Trieste as a secretary and translator for the Allied military administration.[2] Since 1948, she lived and worked as a writer in Sydney, Australia.[4][5] She founded the literary magazine Svobodni razgovori (Free Conversations) in 1982 and served as its editor.[6]

Gruden wrote in both English and her native Slovene.[6][7] Gruden also translated from Slovene and Serbo-Croatian.[8] She is known among the Slovene community and in Australian literary circles as a prolific writer of the haiku poetic form.[2][6] She was member of the Slovene Writers' Association.

Gruden has been included into several anthologies, among them Antologija slovenskih pesnic (The Anthology of Slovene Woman Poets; Založba Tuma, 2004), Zbornik avstralskih slovencev (Anthology of Australian Slovenes; Slovenian-Australian Literary & Art Circle, 1988), Album slovenskih književnikov (Album of Slovene Literati; Mladinska Knjiga, 2006), Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader (University of Sydney, 2010), and Fragments from Slovene Literature: An Anthology of Slovene Literature (Slovene Writers Association, 2005).

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Jurak, Mirko. 1990. Lipa šumi med evkalipti: izbor pesmi slovencev v Australiji. Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, p. 103.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Suša, Barbara. 2002. "Pavla Gruden." Enciklopedija Slovenije, vol. 16. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 73.
  3. ↑ "Umrla je Pavla Gruden, pesniški glas Slovencev v Avstraliji" [Pavla Gruden, the Poetic Voice of the Slovenes in Australia, Dies] (in Slovenian). MMC RTV Slovenija. 27 January 2014.
  4. 1 2 Kmecl, Matjaž. 1999. "Pavla Gruden." Sodobnost 38(6/7): 650.
  5. ↑ Žitnik, Janja & Helga Glušić. 1999. Slovenska izseljenska književnost, vol. 1. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, p. 274.
  6. 1 2 3 Maver, Igor. 2010. "Slovenian Migrant Literature in Australia: An Overview with a Reading of the Work of Jože Žohar." Sonia Mycak and Amit Sarwal, eds. Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader, pp. 173-199. Sydney: Sydney Universoty Press, p. 176.
  7. ↑ Žitnik, Janja. 2007. "Slovenian Emigre Literature: Ignored, Forgotten and Rediscovered." Marjan Drnovšek (ed.) Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Slovenian Migration, pp. 67–88. Ljubljana: ZRC, p. 74.
  8. ↑ Aarons, Mark, 2001. War Criminals Welcome: Australia, a Sanctuary for Fugitive War Criminals since 1945.Melbourne: Black Inc., p. 5.
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