Penjaringan

Location of Penjaringan in Jakarta.
The port of Sunda Kelapa. Penjaringan Subdistrict is the area to the left of the port. The right side of the port is the Administrative Village of Ancol in Pademangan Subdistrict. The historic Pasar Ikan ("fish market") is the building on the foreground, built on a restored warehouse of Dutch East India Company (VOC).

Penjaringan is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the westernmost Subdistrict of North Jakarta. Muara Angke Port and the mouth of Sunda Kelapa Port is located within Penjaringan. Penjaringan contains the remnants of the original mangrove forest of Jakarta, some is protected by the government (i.e. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary). Penjaringan Subdistrict is crisscrossed with water draining channels, canals, and water reservoirs to protect the land from sea flooding. The Cengkareng Drain, part of Jakarta's flood control system, flows to the sea through this subdistrict.

The area of Penjaringan Subdistrict, especially within Penjaringan Administrative Village, contains several historic Dutch colonial buildings such as the remains of city wall of Batavia and the 17th-century warehouses (now a Maritime Museum).

The boundaries of Penjaringan Subdistrict are Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa port to the east, and Kamal Muara road - Kapuk Raya road to the south.

History

The coastal area of Penjaringan Subdistrict is one of the most historic area of Jakarta. The mouth of Ciliwung River was an important port in West Java. It was used as the main port of the kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran and Batavia. Around the 16th century, the Muara Angke (a coastal area to the west of old Batavia) was used by the Sultanate of Banten and the Sultanate of Demak as a strategic post to capture the port of Sunda Kelapa from the Portuguese.

The Pasar Ikan ("Fish Market") in the 1940s

In the 17th century, during the Dutch colonial era, the area that is now Penjaringan Administrative Village was developed into a ship docking area. Warehouses and ship building facilities are built on this area, some of these 17th-century structures still exist today (such as the now Museum Bahari and Galangan Kapal VOC, a former trade office built in 1628).

In the 18th century, local villages started to appear around the Dutch Batavia. Some of this villages, located within the port of Batavia, is today known as Kampung Luar Batang. Kampung Luar Batang is the location of the Luar Batang Mosque, established in 1739.

During the 1970s, because of insufficient capacity and the lack of facility, a new fishing port called Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Jakarta (PPSJ) (also known as "Jakarta Fishing Port") was created on the west side of Sunda Kelapa Harbor, within Penjaringan Subdistrict. The feasibility and engineering study was done by Japan International Cooperation Agency from 1973 to 1979. The construction was divided into four phases which began in 1980 and was finished in 2002.[1]

Mangrove forest

Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary contains the original mangrove forest of Jakarta.

Penjaringan contains some of Jakarta's original mangrove forest. Some of this mangrove forests are protected as the Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary (located at Kapuk Muara Administrative Village). Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary was protected since the governency of the Dutch Indies on June 17, 1939, covering an area of 15.04 ha. During the 1960s, the conservation area was expanded to 1,344.62 ha. Later, because of human pressure and environmental destruction within and around the national park, some of the mangrove forest area were destroyed. On February 28, 1988, the area was declared a Nature Reserve (25.4 ha).[2] On November 1998, the status of this area changed to Wildlife Sanctuary or Suaka Margasatwa (25.02 ha).[3] Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is listed as one of the important bird sanctuary in Java, protecting bird species such as milky stork and the endemic Sunda coucal.[4] Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is currently facing issues such as mangrove cutting, water pollution (especially in Angke River), and settlements development at the edge of the area.[5] Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is located near Mediterranean Gallery shopping complex or near of end Muara Karang Raya street. It looked neglected, but free to enter.

Other protected mangrove forest of Penjaringan Subdistrict is the privately owned by[6] Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park) (99.82 ha). The park is also developed as ecological resorts and bird watching facilities.

It is located 3 kilometers from the first park. The park opened in 2010 and its infrastructure is maintained. There is a techniqe for planting magroves called bronjong. Bronjong uses bamboo stems to encircle the plant to strengthen it and protect it from crabs. Birds which may be found the pecuk ular (Oriental darter), kowak maling (black-crowned night heron), kuntul putih (great egret) and several others. Snakes, monitor lizards and monkeys can also be found.[7]

Muara Angke marina port

On January 5, 2012 the new Muara Angke marina opened for service of passengers ship plying routes between the Thousand Islands and the mainland. The Marina in Ancol which has been replaced by the new marina will prioritize pleasure trip ships for tourists.[8]

Flooding

Being a low plain coastal area, Penjaringan is constantly threatened by flooding from high tide. In Penjaringan Administrative Village itself, a series of plan to reduce flooding has been planned, including settlement relocation, drainage improvement, and the construction of dike.[9] Research about flooding has been done especially within Penjaringan Subdistrict.[10] In 2008, seven dikes are installed within Subdistrict of Penjaringan to protect the area from increasing level of sea tide. The dike consists of Muara Baru dike, Muara Angke dike, Luar Batang dike, Pluit Reservoir, Kapuk Muara dike, Pelindo Harbor dike, and Mutiara Beach dike.[11]

Kelurahan (Administrative Village)

The subdistrict of Penjaringan is divided into five kelurahan ("administrative villages"):

Penjaringan is northwestern most Subdistrict of Jakarta.

List of important places

Muara Angke Port

References

www.wisatapesisir.com

  1. ↑ "History - Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Jakarta". Jakarta Fish Port. PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
  2. ↑ SK Menteri Kehutanan No. 095/Kpts-II/88 on 28 February 1988 (Anon 1997)
  3. ↑ SK Menteri Kehutanan dan Perkebunan No 097/Kpts-II/1998
  4. ↑ "Muara Angke". BirdLife International. BirdLife International. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
  5. ↑ MacKinnon et al. 1982
  6. ↑ Jakarta's government has given the area to PT Murindra Karya Lestari in attempt to rehabilitate the area back into its original natural state.
  7. ↑ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/23/mangrove-conservation-parks-work-green-alternative.html
  8. ↑ "City opens Muara Angke marina". January 6, 2012.
  9. ↑ http://bebasbanjir2025.wordpress.com/konsep-pemerintah/klh/
  10. ↑ http://www.indie-indonesie.nl/content/documents/papers-urban%20history/caljouw%20nas%20pratiwo.pdf
  11. ↑ http://www.beritajakarta.com/english/NewsView.asp?ID=9000
  12. ↑ http://www.wisatapesisir.com/id/kampung-luar-batang/126-masjid-luar-batang-berdiri-sejak-17-masehi

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