Peshkopi

Peshkopi
Administrative Unit
Peshkopi
Coordinates: 41°41′27″N 20°27′46″E / 41.69083°N 20.46278°E / 41.69083; 20.46278Coordinates: 41°41′27″N 20°27′46″E / 41.69083°N 20.46278°E / 41.69083; 20.46278
Country  Albania
County Dibër
Municipality Dibër
Elevation 651 m (2,136 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Administrative Unit 13,251
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal Code 8301
Area Code 0218
Vehicle registration DI
Website www.peshkopia.com

Peshkopi (definite Albanian form: Peshkopia, Macedonian: Пешкопеја, Turkish: Debre-i Zir) is a town in Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër.[1] The population at the 2011 census was 13,251.[2]

It is located 187 kilometres (116 mi) away from Tirana, the capital of Albania, and 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Macedonian border. It sits 651 metres (2,136 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of both the county (Albanian: qark) and district (Albanian: rreth) of Dibër. It is the only county capital in Albania that does not share its name with its county.

Peshkopi lies east of the Black Drin river. The Drin valley is the lowest part of the district. Mineral ores such as chromium, sulphur, and marble have been discovered in the district. It is also an important industrial center in Albania, particularly in relation to the food industry.

Peshkopi has a branch of Aleksandër Moisiu University, currently closed by order of the national Ministry of Education for alleged failure to meet standards.

History

The region now known as Dibër was inhabited in pre-Christian times by the Illyrian tribe known to the Romans as Penestae, Πενεσταί in Ancient Greek (Albanian: penestë).[3]

The name of Peshkopi is derived from the word peshkop meaning bishop in Albanian anf from Episkopè in Greek. Bulgarian maps of the eleventh century show the town under the name Presolengrad. The region of Dibër was subsumed under the Orthodox archepiscopate of Ohrid in 1019, and one year later received the status of an episcopate with its center in the Bulke ward of Peshkopi, located in what is now the neighborhood of Dobrovë. The central church of the Dibër Episcopate was that of St. Stephen (Albanian: Kisha e Shqefnit). The seat of the Episcopate would later be relocated, but the town of Peshkopi retained its name.[4] Peshkopi is referenced as early as the fifteenth century under the name Peskopia.[5]

By the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire had completed its conquest of Albania.[6] Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Peshkopi (then Debre-i Zir, which meant "Lower Debre" in Ottoman Turkish) was a small market town, overshadowed by the larger and more flamboyant Debar (Albanian: Dibra e Madhe, "Greater Dibër"), which today lies just over the Macedonian border. The population of Peshkopi was almost completely Muslim by 1583. In 1873 an Ottoman barracks was built in Peshkopi, housing up to 8,000 soldiers.[4]

The Dibër region, including Peshkopi, took part in the uprisings against Ottoman authority that were occurring throughout Albania in the early 1910s. Albanian armed bands (Albanian: çeta) captured Peshkopi from the Ottomans on August 16, 1912.[7]

In the aftermath of the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, a Serbian army invaded Dibër and entered Peshkopi in early December 1912. Albanian forces retook the city on September 20, 1913.[8] A Bulgarian army invaded Peshkopi on January 1, 1916. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, an ally of Bulgaria, brought an army to Peshkopi on April 12, 1916 and engaged in punitive house-burnings and executions throughout the region in an attempt to quell local resistance. The Bulgarians and Austro-Hungarians departed the area in September 1918.[9]

Italian forces invaded Albania in 1939, reaching Peshkopi on April 15.[10] Albanian Communist partisans retook Peshkopi on September 9, 1943. The following October, the partisans defeated Balli Kombëtar forces in an armed battle for control of the city. In July 1944, German forces occupied the city, but were expelled later that same month. Fighting continued in the Dibër region until early September, leaving the Communist-dominated National Liberation Army (Albanian: Ushtria Nacionalçlirimtare) in control.[11]

Tourism

The most important kind of tourism in the region is the mountain tourism, because of the hilly relief, and the big surface of forests. In the district of Dibra, lie two of the 13 national parks in Albania, Lure Park, and Zall Gjoçaj Park, which offer great possibilities to enjoy every detail of mountain tourism, winter and summer. You can climb, walk, ski, trek, do picnics, hunt, sail at lakes of Lura etc. Another kind of tourism is the curative tourism. There are some sulfur baths in Dibra, which create the possibilities to develop the curative for all the people who need this service for different health problems that come healed from sulfur waters.[12]

Places of interest

Neighborhoods


Notable people

Sport

The local football (soccer) club is KS Korabi Peshkopi.

References

  1. ↑ Law nr. 115/2014
  2. ↑ 2011 census results
  3. ↑ Sinani, Rakip (2005). Dibra dhe dibranët në faqet e historisë [Dibër and the Dibrans in the Pages of History] (in Albanian). Tiranë: KTISTALINA-KH. p. 20. ISBN 99943-625-8-5.
  4. 1 2 Moisi Murra (January 2010). "Qyteti i Peshkopisë nga lashtësia në ditët tona" [The City of Peshkopi from Antiquity to the Present Day] (PDF). Rruga e Arbërit (in Albanian). p. 8. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  5. ↑ Sinani. p. 248. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ↑ Sinani. p. 39. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Sinani. p. 138. Missing or empty |title= (help).
  8. ↑ Sinani. pp. 150–160. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ Sinani. pp. 168–170. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ↑ "Gazeta Shqiptare". 1939-04-16. Cited in Sinani. p. 209. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ Sinani. pp. 221–240. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ http://www.blue-albania.com/GeneralInfo34-DIBRA.htm
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