Peter Snell

Sir Peter George Snell

Peter Snell at the 1964 Olympics
Personal information
Birth name	Peter George Snell[1]
Nationality	New Zealander
Born	17 December 1938[1] Opunake, Taranaki[1]
Residence	Texas, United States
Height	1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)[1]
Weight	80 kg (180 lb)[1]
Sport
Sport	Athletics
Event(s)	800 m, 1500 m
Coached by	Arthur Lydiard
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)	800 metres: 1:44.3[2] (WR) 880 yards: 1:45.1 WR 1000 metres: 2:16.6 WR 1500 metres: 3:37.6[2]^1 Mile: 3:54.4 WR[2] Mile 3:54.1 WR 4 x 1 mile relay: 16.23.8 WR (with Murray Halberg, Gary Philpott & Barry Magee)
Medal record Representing  New Zealand Olympic Games 1960 Rome 800 metres 1964 Tokyo 800 metres 1964 Tokyo 1500 metres Commonwealth Games 1962 Perth 880 yards 1962 Perth 1 mile

Sir Peter George Snell KNZM OBE (born 17 December 1938) is a New Zealand former middle-distance runner, now resident in Texas, United States. He had one of the shortest careers of world famous international sportsmen, yet achieved so much that he was voted New Zealand’s "Sports Champion of the (20th) Century"^[3] and was one of 24 inaugural members of the International Association of Athletics Federations Hall Of Fame named in 2012.^[4] A protégé of the New Zealand athletics coach Arthur Lydiard, Snell is known for the three Olympic and two Commonwealth Games gold medals he won, and the several world records he set.

Early athletic career

Born in Opunake, Snell moved with his family to Waikato in 1949 where he attended Te Aroha College and became an all-around sportsman. He won several middle-distance running events in his hometown of Te Aroha, although some members of his new school lived in Ngaruawahia. He attended Mount Albert Grammar School in Auckland, where he took up a wide range of team and individual sports, including rugby union, cricket, tennis, badminton, and golf. As a teenager, Snell excelled in tennis, and pursued the sport through appearances at the Auckland and New Zealand Junior Tennis Championships.^[5]

At age 19, Snell was motivated to concentrate seriously on running by the comments of his future coach, Arthur Lydiard, who told him, "Peter, with the sort of speed you've got, if you do the endurance training, you could be one of our best middle-distance runners."^[6] During his early career under the tutelage of Lydiard, he started with New Zealand titles and records for 880 yards and the mile and, being an unusually large (by track standards) and powerful man, hinted of great things to come.

Olympic success

He came to international attention when he won the gold medal and set a new national record for 800 m at the Rome Olympics in 1960. He was particularly dominant four years later at the Tokyo Olympics where he won the gold and set a new Olympic record in the 800 metres, and won gold in the 1500 metres. The 800–1500 metres double was not achieved again by a male athlete in open global championship until Rashid Ramzi of Bahrain won both golds at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics at Helsinki. (After the 2008 Olympic Games Ramzi was stripped of his Olympic gold medal for doping, but that penalty was not applied retroactively to his World Championship gold medals).

World records

In January 1962 Snell broke the world mile record before a huge crowd at Cooks Gardens in Whanganui,^[7] and one week later set new world records for both the 800 m and 880 yd at Christchurch. He then won gold and set a new record for 880 yd at the Commonwealth Games in Perth in 1962, and won gold for the mile at those same games. In all, Snell set five individual world records and joined with fellow New Zealand athletes to set a new four by one mile relay record as well.

Snell's former world records of 1 minute 44.3 seconds for 800 m, set on 3 February 1962, and 2 minutes 16.6 seconds for 1000 m set on 12 November 1964, remain the New Zealand national records for these distances. His 800 m record remains the fastest ever run over that distance on a grass track, and is also the oldest national record recognized by the IAAF for a standard track and field event. The 800 m record also remains the official Oceania continental area record.^[8]

Fatigued after his Olympic buildup and second world mile record in 1964, his final track season in 1965 was characterized by a string of losses to such athletes as Olympic 1500 m silver medalist Josef Odlozil, Olympic 800 m silver medalist Bill Crothers, U.S. high schooler and future world record holder Jim Ryun, and American Jim Grelle.^[9] Snell then announced his retirement.

Career after retirement from sport

Snell worked for a tobacco company before moving to the United States of America in 1971 to further his education. He gained a B.S. in human performance from the University of California, Davis, and then a Ph.D. in exercise physiology from Washington State University. He joined University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas as a research fellow in 1981. He is associate professor, Department of Internal Medicine and also director of their Human Performance Center. A member of the American College of Sports Medicine, Snell was honoured in 1999 as an Inaugural Inductee, International Scholar, into the Athlete Hall of Fame, University of Rhode Island.

Adopting a new sport, Snell become an active orienteer and won his category, men aged 65 and older, in the 2003 United States Orienteering Championship.^[10] He is a past president of the North Texas Orienteering Association and a member of the United States Orienteering Federation.

Commemorations and awards

Statue of Snell erected in 2007

Following his success at the Perth Commonwealth Games in 1962, Snell was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services in the field of athletics in the 1962 Queen's Birthday Honours.^[11] Three years later he was elevated to Officer of the same order in the 1965 New Year Honours.^[12] In the 2002 New Year Honours he was appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to sport,^[13] and in 2009, following the restoration of titular honours by the New Zealand government, he was redesignated as a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit and invested by the Governor-General of New Zealand, Sir Anand Satyanand.^[14]

Snell was one of five Olympic athletes from New Zealand featured on a series of commemorative postage stamps issued in August 2004 to commemorate the 2004 Olympic Games. The two dollar stamp issued by New Zealand Post features a stylized photo of Snell snapping the tape at the finish line of the 800 metres race at the 1960 Olympics in Rome.^[15]

He was selected by Track and Field News' as their "Athlete of the '60's" and was pictured on the cover of the December 1969 issue.^[16]

In 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (DSc) by Massey University in recognition of his work as an exercise physiologist.^[17]

A larger than life-size bronze statue of Peter Snell was erected in his hometown of Opunake, Taranaki, and was unveiled on 19 May 2007. The statue is based on a photo of Snell crossing the finish line in the historic race at Wanganui's Cook's Gardens in 1962.^[18] A similar bronze statue of Snell was unveiled in Cook's Gardens on 15 August 2009 to commemorate his athletic achievements.^[19]

Interviewed by the Wanganui Chronicle after the unveiling, Snell said he was internationally known as a miler, but he had never reached his potential over the mile and the 800 metres was probably his best distance.^[20] He said his greatest effort was the world 800m/880yard double record set on Lancaster Park a few days after his new mile record, with an 800m time that would have won the gold medal 46 years later at the Beijing Olympics.

In 2001, Macleans College in Auckland created Snell House as part of its "whanau house" system.^[21]

The Peter Snell Youth Village, on the Whangaparaoa Peninsula, in North Auckland, New Zealand, is also named after him. They run holiday camps for young people.^[22]

Personal bests

Distance	Time	Place	Date
800m	1:44.3 WR	Christchurch	1962
1000m	2:16.6 WR	Auckland	1964
1500m*	3:37.6	Auckland	1964
Mile	3:54.1 WR	Auckland	1964

Notes

• ^1 En route in the 3:54.1 mile.^[2]

References

Cited references

1. "Peter Snell". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
2. All-Athletics. "Profile of Peter Snell".
3. "New Zealand Sports Hall Of Fame". Peter Snell. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
4. IAAF Hall Of Fame. "Peter Snell to be inducted into the IAAF Hall of Fame". IAAF Hall Of Fame. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
5. Ferstle, Jim. "Peter Snell: Gentleman, Athlete, Scholar". runnersworld.com. Rodale Inc. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
6. Winder, Virginia (2003) "Peter Snell's One-Track Mind". pukeariki.com Retrieved 10 Jan. 2006.
7. Chapman, Grant (22 Jan 2012). "Athletics: Run of a lifetime 50 years on". NZ Herald. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
8. "800 Metres Records". iaaf.org. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
9. Racing Past: The History of Middle and Long Distance Running|url=http://www.racingpast.ca/john_contents.php?id=113
10. Bay Area Orienteering Club (2003). 2003 Silva U.S. Orienteering Championships, Fallen Leaf Lake, South Lake Tahoe. baoc.org Retrieved 23 Jan. 2006.
11. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42685. p. 4348. 2 June 1962. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
12. The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 43531. p. 44. 1 January 1965. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
13. "New Year honours list 2002". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 31 December 2001. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
14. "Ancient knighthood tradition revived in gothic church". 3News. 15 August 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
15. "Olympic Games". New Zealand Post. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
16. Track and Field News: 1969 Covers
17. "Honorary graduates". Massey University. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
18. "Opunake honours Peter Snell". Retrieved 2010-04-14 Archived 5 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
19. "Sir Peter Snell honoured in Wanganui". Radio New Zealand. 16 August 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
20. Ogilvie, David (17 August 2009). "Snell times two". Wanganui Chronicle. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
21. "Snell House". Macleans College. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
22. "Peter Snell Youth Village". Peter Snell Youth Village. Retrieved 20 January 2015.

General references

• Snell, Peter and Gilmour, Garth (1965). No Bugles, No Drums. Auckland: Minerva.

External links

• Page with Photo, one of two at Sporting Heroes
• Peter Snell - Athlete - A documentary made in 1964 available to view on NZ On Screen
• Peter Snell at NZOC website