Peugeot 306

Peugeot 306
Overview
Manufacturer	Peugeot
Production	2.846 million units 1993–2002
Assembly	Poissy, France Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Great Britain El Palomar, Argentina (Sevel; Sedan) Los Andes, Chile Barra de Carrasco, Uruguay (Oferol; Break)
Designer	Pininfarina
Body and chassis
Class	Small family car (C)
Body style	3/5-door hatchback 4-door saloon 5-door estate 2-door cabriolet
Layout	FF layout
Related	Citroën Xsara Citroën ZX
Powertrain
Transmission	4-speed automatic ZF 4HP14 4-speed automatic AL4 5-speed manual MA 5 5-speed manual BE 3/5 6-speed manual BE 3/6
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,580 mm (102 in)
Length	4,030 mm (159 in) (hatchback) 4,267 mm (168 in) (sedan) 4,338 mm (171 in) (wagon)
Width	1,680 mm (66 in)
Height	1,380 mm (54 in) (hatchback) 1,386 mm (55 in) (sedan) 1,415 mm (56 in) (wagon)
Chronology
Predecessor	Peugeot 309
Successor	Peugeot 307

The Peugeot 306 is a small family car built by the French car manufacturer Peugeot from 1993 to 2002. It replaced the 309. Peugeot gave the 306 many updates and aesthetic changes to keep up with the competition, and it was replaced by the 307 in 2001. Cabriolet and estate versions continued until 2002. Versions were built in Argentina by Sevel (1996–2002).

Background

The 306 was developed between 1990 and 1992 ready for the 1993 model year. It was a replacement for the Peugeot 309 (which had broken with Peugeot's normal ascending numbering system partly due to it being released before the older and larger Peugeot 305 was axed).

Mechanically, the 306 is virtually identical to the Citroën ZX, which was launched two years before the 306: both cars use the same floorpan and core structure. The 306, with its attractive Peugeot 205 derived Pininfarina styling, was a more successful car than its twin. The Citroën Berlingo and Peugeot Partner were also built on the same platform. The chassis used by the 306 and ZX was also used in the ZX's replacement, the Citroën Xsara. The sharing of platforms between Peugeot and Citroën has been parent company PSA Peugeot Citroën policy since the late 1970s, after the Peugeot takeover of the then bankrupt Citroen in the wake of the 1974 oil crisis. The first car being the Peugeot 104 based Citroën Visa and Citroën LNA and Talbot Samba. The policy continues today throughout the Peugeot and Citroën ranges. The entry level Peugeot 108, Citroën C1 and Toyota Aygo though are all based on the same Toyota design, and not a PSA one.

306 Phase 1

Phase 1
Overview
Production	1993–1997
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol engines: 1.1L 8V 60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp) I4 1.4L 8V 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) I4 1.6L 8V 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) I4 1.8L 8V 103 PS (76 kW; 102 hp) I4 2.0L 8V 123 PS (90 kW; 121 hp) I4 XSi 2.0L 16V 157 PS (115 kW; 155 hp) I4 S16 2.0L 16V 167 PS (123 kW; 165 hp) I4 GTi-6 Diesel engines: 1.9L 8V 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) I4 1.9L 8V 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) Turbocharged I4 1.9L 8V 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) Turbocharged I4

Peugeot 306 rear

The 306 was released in March 1993 as a 3- and 5-door hatchback, with saloon and cabriolet models being introduced later. The Phase 1 model was known as the N3 in Australia, and introduced in 1994.

A bewildering array of different model types were offered during the life of the Phase 1 model, including Genoa, XSS, X, XT, XRdt and Xd. Later were added various 'performance' models, such as the S16, XSi and GTI-6 (petrol) and the D-Turbo S (diesel).

All variants of the 306, with the exception of the GTI-6 and cabriolet models, were priced very competitively.

Petrol engines

The initial petrol engines used were proven four-cylinder units, which had gained a solid reputation in Peugeot models such as the 205, 309 and 405. At first, all mainstream models were powered by derivatives of the TU series 8-valve engine, in 1.1, 1.4 and 1.6 litre guises. The 1.1 was dropped quickly, but the 1.4 and particularly the 1.6 variants sold well; the latter offering a good balance between performance and economy.^[1]

Three larger-capacity units were available, but restricted to automatic and performance models. These engines were developments of the larger XU series units which had been used in the 205 GTi 1.9, and larger 405 models. A 1.8 litre version powered cars with both manual (not many 1.8 manuals were produced) and automatic transmission; while two versions of the 2.0 litre engine in 8- and 16-valve guises powered the XSi and S16 models respectively. In Australia, the only engines available were the 1.8 and 2.0L engines.

Diesel engines

Peugeot had an excellent reputation for its diesel engines,^[2] and the 306 was originally offered with the XUD series diesel engine in both normally aspirated and turbocharged forms. This engine was initially a 1769cc unit, but its capacity was soon enlarged to 1905cc. The turbocharged version quickly gained a reputation for being a good match for the exceptional handling of the 306. Not only did its outright performance match many similarly sized petrol cars – almost certainly a first for an affordable mainstream diesel – but the carefully designed installation ensured its considerable extra weight did not upset the car's handling. The Indirect Injection XUD Diesel that uses the Ricardo Comet combustion chamber design, is popular for conversion to run on vegetable oil, so long as the Bosch Fuel System is fitted to the engine.^[3]

Chassis design

The familiar range of PSA powertrains drove the front wheels of a conventionally designed chassis. At the front was a standard MacPherson strut layout with anti-roll bar, while the rear used the PSA Peugeot-Citroën independent trailing arm/torsion bar set up that was first introduced on the Peugeot 305 estate. However, PSA's chassis engineers employed some unusual features, including passive rear wheel steering, though less than on the ZX, (by means of specially designed compliance bushes in the rear suspension), and in-house developed and constructed shock absorbers. At high mileages this is prone to wear of the axle mounting bushes which is easily fixed. It is also prone to wear in the rear axle trailing arm bearings, which then wear the trailing arm axle tubes, requiring an expensive rebuild or a replacement axle assembly.^{[4][5][6][7][8]} The diesel and larger capacity petrol engines are canted as far back as possible in the engine bay, in an effort to put as much weight as possible behind the front axle line, also reducing the centre of gravity, while improving weight distribution and minimising understeer.

Versions

Trim levels were XN, XL, XR, XT and XS; XN being the most basic, and XT the highest specification. The XT was available in 5-door only, with the XR, XN and XL available in 3-door too. The D-Turbo and XSi were available in both 3- and 5-door, the XS and S16 only available in 3-door. There were no longer "X/G" designations ("X" indicating a 3-door, "G" indicating a 5-door). A diesel model could be identified with the addition of "d" after the spec level, and a turbodiesel with the addition of "dt". There were special edition versions too, badged "Alpine" from 1994. (3-door only).

Sedan models

Peugeot 306 Sedan saloon

Sedan specification was marked as SN, SL, SR, and ST. The sedan model, for many motorists provided an alternative to the domination of the car markets by hatchbacks and was hailed at the time by Jeremy Clarkson amongst others.

The sedan model was compared by British motoring magazine What Car? as being an inferior "Brother" to the Peugeot 405, but this is questionable; the 306 had a more sophisticated suspension design, and the build quality was said to be better.

This model was on sale until 2002 in European markets, but it was discontinued for 1999 in the United Kingdom market.

Performance models

Peugeot created a D-Turbo "hot hatch" version, which was essentially a petrol XS model with the diesel unit installed. The 306 was not the first mainstream affordable performance diesel, with that plaudit arguably going to the MkII VW Golf GTD of the mid-1980s. However, the 306 D-turbo was the first to be commercially successful and sell in significant numbers, and this success effectively created the market for such performance oriented diesel cars. It was a popular seller in all its various phases throughout the life of the car. Most D-Turbo cars were 3 door models, but there are a few rare examples of the 5-door D-Turbo.

The D-Turbo and XS variants were fitted as standard with front fog lights, body-coloured bumpers with deeper spoilers, sports seats and different steering wheel, and a wider, chromed exhaust tailpipe; 14-inch alloy wheels were an optional extra. The models fitted somewhere between the XR and XT variants in terms of standard equipment.

The XSi 8v 2.0 Petrol had the addition of subtle side skirts. 15-inch five spoke alloy wheels were available as an option when the model was launched, and became standard shortly after.

The S16 (for 'soupape-16', or '16-valve') was a 3-door Phase 1-only model, replaced with the more powerful GTI-6 in 1996. The engines in both cars were 16-valve XU-series units with Magnetti Marelli fuel injection and produced excellent power and torque outputs for the time. As well as gaining a close-ratio 6-speed gearbox over the S16's 5-speed, the GTI-6 had more power courtesy of a reworked 167 bhp XU10J4RS engine replacing the S16's 155 bhp XU10J4 ACAV,^[9] and some subtle chassis revisions. As well as being more powerful, the GTI-6 engine had more flexible power delivery with more mid-range torque than that in the S16, and the new gearbox made it easier to use the engine more effectively. The GTI-6 was introduced as a Phase 1 model and was to last until production ended in 2002. It received Phase 2 and 3 cosmetic and electrical updates alongside the rest of the range, but the engine and mechanical specification remained largely unchanged.

A UK-only model was the 306 Rallye of 1999. Mechanically the car was identical to a GTI-6, but had a minimal specification that deleted many GTI-6 standard features including fog lights, air conditioning, sunroof, electric windows, temperature sensor. Only 500 were produced in 3 non-metallic colours including; 100 in black, 200 in Cherry Red and 200 in Bianca White. While some were fitted with Phase 3 tailgates and bonnets, the car was basically a Phase 2 in terms of the fuse box and electrical wiring loom, including the use of Phase 2 remote locking. Seat upholstery was cloth in a specific Rallye pattern. The more austere specification led to the car being lighter than a GTI-6.

306 Phase 2

Phase 2 (N5)
Overview
Production	1997–1999
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol engines: 1.4L 8V 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) I4 1.6L 8V 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) I4 1.8L 16V 110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp) I4 2.0L 16V 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) I4 XSi 2.0L 16V 167 PS (123 kW; 165 hp) I4 GTi-6 Diesel engines: 1.9L 8V 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) I4 1.9L 8V 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) Turbocharged I4

The 306 underwent the only major revamp of its life in May 1997, with the launch of the "Phase 2" version (N5 in Australia). The basic shape remained the same, but lights, grille and bumpers were redesigned in an effort to bring the styling into line with the new, more rounded, Peugeot family look established with the Peugeot 406. Indicator lamps were now incorporated into the headlamp unit and the new style "block filled" Peugeot lion logo was adopted. The Phase 2 also saw the addition of an estate version.

Phase 2 Peugeot 306 rear

1999–2002 Peugeot 306 (N5) cabriolet, Australia

A new-style typeface for the car's model number was adopted on the tailgate, removing the black plastic backing. There were also some changes to the dashboard layout, including a digital odometer, and trim quality which freshened up the car in the face of increasingly stiff competition from other manufacturers. New engines were also offered, with both 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines gaining 16-valve cylinder heads together with modest power increases. At this time, the previous trim designations were replaced by L, LX & GLX for the UK market. XS, XSi and GTI-6 models continued as before, but with the Phase 2 headlight, grille, bumper and other cosmetic updates alongside the rest of the range.

Cars from 1998 onwards (1999 model year) received further enhancements, including an aluminium-effect centre console on certain versions and a chrome Peugeot logo on the steering wheel. Other updates included removal of the black strip on the bootlid, colour-coded bumpers on some models and new upholstery in the cabin.

New models also appeared in Phase 2 trim. Sold only in the UK, the Rallye was launched in 1998 using the mechanicals from the GTI-6, but with less standard equipment (manual windows and mirrors, no air-con, Rallye-specific cloth instead of leather and alcantara, front spot lights removed), making it 65 kg (143 lb) lighter than the GTI-6. Sold at a discounted price of £15,995 (over £2000 less than a GTI-6), it only came in four colours - black, Cherry Red and Bianca White and one only in Dragoon Blue - and there were only 501 produced. The only drawback is the insurance costs as the Rallye is in group 16. As the production of the Rallye straddled the Phase 2 and 3 models, some Rallyes had superficial Phase 3 features such as the flush glass tailgate and slightly different bonnet, but remained fundamentally a Phase 2 model in such characteristics as the fuse box and electrical layout. The UK Rallye is different from the 2001 Australian market N5 Rallye, which was based on the 5-door XT model.

The Meridian model (originally a special edition) was also re-launched in 1999 and boasted a generous equipment list including new half-leather seats, and further cosmetic upgrades to the interior.

306 Phase 3

Phase 3
Overview
Production	1999–2002
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol engines: 1.4L 8V 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) I4 1.6L 8V 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) I4 1.8L 16V 110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp) I4 2.0L 16V 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) I4 XSi 2.0L 16V 167 PS (123 kW; 165 hp) I4 GTi-6 Diesel engines: 1.9L 8V 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) I4 2.0L 8V 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) Turbocharged common rail I4 HDi

Phase 3 Peugeot 306 rear

Peugeot 306 Break

Peugeot 306 sedan

Models from mid-1999 saw further improvements and exterior modifications, including clear lenses on the headlamps, round and clear lensed foglamps, complete colour-coding of the exterior trim, removal of the black plastic strip on the lower edge of the tailgate, flush glass seal to rear windscreen, a redesigned tailgate rear badge, different rear wiper and new paint colours. Interior upgrades were more minor, with the gearknob becoming rounder and silver topped, while the instrument binnacle received a silver background and white instrument needles in place of the previous red versions.

XSi, XT and D Turbo models all received the GTi-6's bodykit and interior styling additions. In the diesel variants, the ageing XUD engine was replaced by the newer, HDi engine, which featured common rail injection. Some base models made use of the DW8 normally aspirated diesel engine. Almost all models included ABS and multiple airbags as standard equipment. Rain sensitive automatic windscreen wipers were also standard on all but the base spec.

The end of the line

Despite Peugeot's efforts, the car placed poorly in a variety of ownership and customer satisfaction surveys of the time, such as the annual JD Power survey^[10] which was run in association with the BBC Top Gear television programme. Nevertheless, the car featured in the Top 10 Best Selling Cars In Britain from 1994–1998, and only narrowly missing out on the top 10 during its final three years on sale. Sales in France and most of the rest of Europe were also strong.

In Australia a run-out model was introduced in early 2001.^[11] Based on the N5 XT 5-door model, it was called the 306 Rallye. As with other XT variants, it had the same 99 kW/132 bhp engine and 5-speed gearbox as the late XSI models but different (less sporty) suspension and interior trim.^[12] It was also available in automatic. It replaced the XT model in the lineup and was discounted by AU$2000. This model was different from the 306 Rallye sold in the UK in 1998 - 99, which was a 3-door car based on the 306 GTI-6.

The hatchback 306 was discontinued in 2001 to make way for its replacement, the Peugeot 307. The cabriolet and estate variants both remained on sale until 2002. The slow–selling saloon was axed from the United Kingdom market in 1999, but it was still available in the rest of Europe until 2002.

Motorsport

Peugeot 306 Maxi

The Peugeot 306 Maxi competed in Group A of the French and World Rally Championship.^[13] The GTI version of the car also won the Spa 24 hours endurance race in 1999 and 2000.^[14]

The car took the Danish Touringcar Championship in 1999, 2000 and 2001, and the Asian Touring Car Series title in 2000, 2001 and 2002.

Safety

In 1998, EuroNCAP tested the 306, and it only scored 3 points for protection.^[15] This was a competitive performance as the 1999 Ford Escort only achieved two stars,^[16] but the newly introduced 1999 Ford Focus and 1998 Vauxhall/Opel Astra scored four stars.^[17][18]

In the 2006 Australian Used Car Safety Ratings, the Peugeot 306 manufactured between 1994 and 2001 was rated "significantly better than average" in its ability to protect its occupants in the event of a crash. This was one of the highest results achieved in the 2006 ratings.

Australian Used Car Safety Ratings (USCR) gave the Peugeot 306 a 4-star rating (out of 5 stars) for driver and occupant safety, and an "excellent" rating for other road users involved in accidents.^[19] USCRs are based on statistics collected from car crashes involving death or serious injury in Australia and New Zealand between 1990 and 2013. Over seven million police reported crashes were analysed in the latest UCSR. Ratings reflect the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe injury. Driver protection ratings indicate relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe injury to their own drivers, whilst protection for other road user ratings indicate how well the vehicle protects other road users with which they collide.

References

1. "Car review: Peugeot 306 (1993 - 2001)". Honestjohn.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
2. Martin Derrick (August 6, 1993). "Special Report on Diesel Cars". The Independent. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
3. http://www.dieselbob.co.uk/goodbad.aspx
4. http://www.citroen-owners-club.co.uk/citroen/index.php?/topic/10225-zx-volcane-rear-suspension/
5. http://www.honestjohn.co.uk/forum/post/index.htm?t=17115
6. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/122038287/Citroen-ZX-Suspension-and-steering
7. http://www.frenchcarforum.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?p=129058
8. http://www.sspengineering.co.uk/
9. http://www.pugaddicts.co.uk/2012/02/xu10j4rs-engine-information.html
10. "2001 JD Power survey of cars registered between August 1998 and August 1999". jdpower.com.
11. GoAuto.com.au - Peugeot aims to Rallye sales: Peugeot is offering a special edition 306 at a special price 18 April 2001 By BRUCE NEWTON http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/1ED1EA6FB6A56B44CA256A3200292987
12. "The Rallye (in Australia) was an optioned up XT". http://www.aussiefrogs.com/forum/peugeot-forum/13695-306-xsi-vs-306-rallye-any-real-difference.html
13. http://www.oak-racing.com/pilote:richard-hein-2&lang=en
14. http://motorsportwinners.com/2011/10/spa-24-hours/
15. "EuroNCAP crash test ratings for the Peugeot 306". euroncap.com. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
16. http://www.euroncap.com/tests/ford_escort_1999/33.aspx
17. http://www.euroncap.com/tests/ford_focus_1999/34.aspx
18. http://www.euroncap.com/tests/opel_vauxhall_astra_1999/44.aspx
19. "The Peugeot 306 has been awarded a 4 star Driver Protection rating in the latest Used Car Safety Rating(UCSR) report. UCSR are reported annually by the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC). Ratings are estimated from data on real crashes reported to police in Australia and New Zealand and provide a very high level of confidence. The UCSR report classifies cars according to where their rating lies in relation to a best performance benchmark". http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/2001/Peugeot/306