Phalagnostus

Phalagnostus Temporal range: Middle and Upper Cambrian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Phalagnostus prantli, 10mm, Jince Formation, Czech Republic
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Trilobita
Order:	Agnostida
Family:	Agnostidae[1]
Genus:	Phalagnostus Howell, 1955
Species
P. nudus (Beyrich, 1845) (type) synonyms Battus nudus, Agnostus nudus ovalis[2] P. carinatus Lu and Lin, 1989 P. cuneatus Rozova,1964 P. glandiformis (Angelin, 1851) synonyms Agnostus glandiformis, Grandagnostus glandiformis[3] P. prantli Snajdr, 1957 P. rasettii Pratt, 1992 P. shergoldi Pratt, 1992
Synonyms
Phalacromina

Phalagnostus is a genus of small trilobites, in the order Agnostida. It lived during the Middle Cambrian, in what are now Canada (Newfoundland and Northwest Territories), China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, the Russian Federation (Bennett Island, Yakutia), Wales, Sweden, and possibly the United States (Vermont). The headshield (or cephalon) is almost entirely effaced and wider than the tailshield (or pygidium). The pygidium is also very effaced, but the ovate pygidial axis (or rhachis) is well defined and a border furrow is also present.

Taxonomy

Phalagnostus nudus, the type species, was originally described as a species of Battus by Beyrich in 1845, but that name had already been used for a butterfly, and the trilobite genus was also deemed polyphyletic.^[4]

Due to the high level of effacement, it is difficult to establish the relationship of Phalagnostus to other Agnostoidea. The Treatise lists Phalagnostus as Family unknown.^[2]

Species previously assigned to Phalagnostus

• P. bituberculata = Toragnostus bituberculatus

Distribution

• 'P. nudus' is known from the Middle Cambrian of the Czech Republic (Eccaparadoxides pusillus-zone, Jince Formation, Týřovice and Skryje-Luh, Bohemia).^[2]
• 'P. carinatus' has been collected from the Middle Cambrian of China (Wangcunian/Guzhangian carbonate limestone/shale, Yangliugang Formation).^[5]
• 'P. cuneatus' was found in the Middle Cambrian of the Russian Federation (Mayan, Kulyumbe River, limestone, Samodi Formation).^[6]
• 'P. rasettii' and 'P. shergoldi' have been described from the Upper Cambrian of Canada (Marjuman and Steptoean stages, Rabbitkettle Formation, southern Mackenzie Mountains).^[7]

Description

This agnostoid is strongly effaced. The cephalon lacks a border furrow. The glabella and small basal lobes are weakly defined. The rhachis is circular to ovate, clearly defined by deep axial furrows. An elongate axial node may be discerned. The pygidium has a narrow border defined by a furrow.^[2]

References

1. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus". Retrieved 22 May 2013.
2. Whittington, H.B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997
3. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus glandiformis". Retrieved 22 May 2013.
4. Available Generic Names for Trilobites P.A. Jell and J.M. Adrain.
5. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus carinatus". Retrieved 22 May 2013.
6. Paleobiology Database. "Phalagnostus cuneatus". Retrieved 22 May 2013.
7. Pratt, B.R. (1992). Trilobites of the Marjuman and Steptoean stages (Upper Cambrian), Rabbitkettle Formation, southern Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 9. ISBN 0920230822.