Philadelphia City Council
| Philadelphia City Council | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Leadership | |
President | |
Majority Leader | |
Minority Leader | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 17 |
 | |
Political groups |
Democratic (14) Republican (3) |
| Elections | |
Last election | November 8, 2011 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Philadelphia City Hall | |
| Website | |
| City Council Website | |
The Philadelphia City Council, the legislative body of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, consists of ten members elected by district and seven members elected at-large. The council president is elected by the members from among their number. Each member's term is four years, and there are no limits on the number of terms a member may serve.
History
While William Penn's original 1691 charter for the city of Philadelphia included a "common council," no records exist of this body ever having been convened. Its successor, the Proprietor's Charter of 1701, constituted the city as a municipal corporation with a non-elected council made up of major city officials who selected their own successors. The colonial city government was abolished during the American Revolution and replaced in 1789 with an elected council including fifteen aldermen and thirty common councillors; these then elected a mayor and recorder who also were members of the council. In 1796, a bicameral city council was created including a 20-member Common Council and 12-member Select Council; the sizes of both bodies increased with the population of the city, peaking at 149 members of Common Council and 41 in Select Council, the largest municipal legislature in the US. It was replaced with a single 21-member chamber in 1919, which remained in effect until the adoption of a Home Rule charter in 1951.[1][2]
Composition and term
The 1951 Home Rule Charter established the council as the legislative arm of Philadelphia municipal government, consisting of seventeen members. Ten council members are elected by district and seven from the city at large. At-large council members are elected using limited voting with limited nomination, guaranteeing that two minority-party candidates are elected. Each is elected for a term of four years with no limit on the number of terms that may be served.[3]
The members of City Council elect from among themselves a president, who serves as the regular chairperson of council meetings. In consultation with the majority of council members, the President appoints members to the various standing committees of the council. The president is also responsible for selecting and overseeing most Council employees.[4]
Legislative process
Every proposed ordinance is in the form of a bill introduced by a Council member. Before a bill can be enacted, it must be referred by the president of the council to an appropriate standing committee, considered at a public hearing and public meeting, reported out by the committee, printed as reported by the committee, distributed to the members of the council, and made available to the public. Passage of a bill requires the favorable vote of a majority of all members. A bill becomes law upon the approval of the mayor. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the council may override the veto by a two-thirds vote.[3]
Under the rules of the council, regular public sessions are held weekly, usually on Thursday morning at 10:00am, in Room 400, City Hall. Council normally breaks for the summer months of July and August.
Gerrymandering
In a 2006 computer study of local and state legislative districts, two of the city's ten council districts, the 5th and the 7th, were found to be among the least compact districts in the nation, giving rise to suspicions of gerrymandering.[5]
The Committee of Seventy, a non-partisan watchdog group for local elections, asked candidates for council in 2007 to support a list of ethics statements, including a call for fair redistricting, which should take place after the 2010 United States Census.[6]
In 2011, the council approved a redistricting map with more compact boundaries, eliminating the "gerrymandered borders" of the 5th and 7th districts; it is to take effect in 2016, after the 2015 elections.[7]
City council members
The City Council as of January 4, 2016 is as follows:
| District | Name | Took Office | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark Squilla | 2012 | Dem |
| 2 | Kenyatta Johnson | 2012 | Dem |
| 3 | Jannie Blackwell[8] | 1991 | Dem |
| 4 | Curtis J. Jones, Jr., | 2008 | Dem |
| 5 | Darrell L. Clarke, Council President | 1999 | Dem |
| 6 | Bobby Henon Majority Leader | 2012 | Dem |
| 7 | Maria Quiñones-Sanchez | 2008 | Dem |
| 8 | Cindy Bass | 2012 | Dem |
| 9 | Cherelle Parker | 2016 | Dem |
| 10 | Brian J. O'Neill, Minority Leader | 1980 | Rep |
| At-Large | Blondell Reynolds Brown, Majority Whip | 2000 | Dem |
| At-Large | Bill Greenlee, Deputy Majority Whip | 2006 | Dem |
| At-Large | David Oh | 2012 | Rep |
| At-Large | Allan Domb | 2016 | Dem |
| At-Large | Derek S. Green | 2016 | Dem |
| At-Large | Helen Gym | 2016 | Dem |
| At-Large | Al Taubenberger | 2016 | Rep |
Presidents of the City Council
| President | Term | Political party |
|---|---|---|
| James A. Finnegan | January 1, 1951 – January 14, 1955 | Democratic |
| James Hugh Joseph Tate | January 20, 1955 – January 6, 1964 | Democratic |
| Paul D’Ortona | January 6, 1964 – January 3, 1972 | Democratic[9] |
| George X. Schwartz | January 3, 1972 – May 29, 1980 | Democratic |
| Joseph E. Coleman | October 30, 1980 – January 6, 1992 | Democratic |
| John F. Street | January 6, 1992 – December 31, 1998 | Democratic |
| Anna C. Verna | January 14, 1999 – December 15, 2011 | Democratic |
| Darrell L. Clarke | January 2, 2012 – Present | Democratic |
See also
References
- ↑ Fairley, John Archibald (1904). American Municipal Councils.
- ↑ "City Council". Philadelphia Department of Records.
- 1 2 "General Information". Philadelphia City Council. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ↑ "Rules of the Council of the City of Philadelphia" (PDF). Philadelphia City Council. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ↑ "The Gerrymandering Index: Using geospatial analysis to measure relative compactness of electoral districts" (PDF). Azavea. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ↑ "City Council Ethics Agenda". Committee of Seventy. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ↑ Graham, Troy (September 23, 2011). "Philadelphia Council approves redistricting map". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
- ↑ Widow of former Member of Congress Lucien E. Blackwell
- ↑ "Paul D'Ortona, 88, Philadelphia Official". New York Times. October 20, 1992. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
Further reading
- Ginsberg, Thomas; City Councils in Philadelphia and Other Major Cities: Who Holds Office, How Long They Serve, and How Much It All Costs; Pew Charitable Trusts’ Philadelphia Research Initiative (2011). (Overview)
