Philip III of Navarre

Philip III
Bust in the Louvre
King of Navarre
Reign	1 February 1328 - 16 September 1343
Coronation	5 March 1329
Predecessor	Charles I
Successor	Joan II
Born	27 March 1306
Died	16 September 1343 (aged 37)
Burial	Pamplona Cathedral
Spouse	Joan II of Navarre
House	Évreux
Father	Louis of Évreux
Mother	Margaret of Artois
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Philip III (27 March 1306 – 16 September 1343), called the Noble (el Noble) or the Wise, Count of Évreux^[1] (1319–1343) and King of Navarre (1328–1343), was the second son of Louis of Évreux and Margaret of Artois and therefore a grandson of King Philip III of France. Because of this descent, he was a possible heir to the throne of France.

Inheritance

In due course, he inherited the County of Évreux, in Normandy, from his father, and ten years later became Philip III, jure uxoris King of Navarre, on the death of his cousin, Charles IV of France. On 18 June 1318, he had married the heiress Joan II.^[1] She held extensive fiefdoms in northern France, as well as Navarre. Because of their lands and their many royal relatives, Philip and his wife were influential in both France and Navarre and spent much of their lives going back and forth between them.

Military achievements

By the Treaty of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon of 14 March 1336 he received the counties of Angoulème and Mortain in the peerage of France, and the castles of Benon in Aunis and Fontenay-l'Abattu in Poitou. In 1339, he was at the side of the kings of France, Bohemia (John), and Scotland (David II), relieving the cities of Cambrai and Tournai, besieged by the English. This was the opening stages of the Hundred Years' War.

Aside from that war on French soil, Philip actively participated in the Reconquista in Iberia. He joined the crusade intitiated by Alfonso XI of Castile against the Kingdom of Granada was mortally wounded by an arrow at the Siege of Algeciras (1342-1344).^[2] He fell ill and died at Jerez de la Frontera.^[3] His body was brought back to Pamplona for burial,^[4] though his heart was buried at the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris.

Armorial

The arms of Philippe III of Navarre changed throughout his lifetime:

• 

  Coat of Arms of Philippe III d'Évreux as King of Navarre (1328-1343)

Marriage and children

• Joanna (c. 1326–1387), nun at Longchamps^[5]
• Maria (c. 1329 – 1347), first wife of Peter IV of Aragon
• Louis (1330–1334)^[6]
• Blanche (1331–1398), second wife of Philip VI of France
• Charles II the Bad (1332–1387), successor, Count of Évreux and King of Navarre^[7]
• Philip, Count of Longueville (c. 1333–1363), married Yolande de Dampierre
• Agnes (1334–1396), married Gaston III, Count of Foix
• Louis (1341–1372), Count of Beaumont-le-Roger, married firstly Maria de Lizarazu and secondly Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo
• Joanna (aft 1342–1403), married John I, Viscount of Rohan

Ancestry

Ancestors of Philip III of Navarre

16. Louis VIII of France               8. Louis IX of France                       17. Blanche of Castile               4. Philip III of France                             18. Ramon Berenguer IV of Provence               9. Margaret of Provence                       19. Beatrice of Savoy               2. Louis of Évreux                                   20. Henry II, Duke of Brabant               10. Henry III, Duke of Brabant                       21. Marie of Hohenstaufen               5. Maria of Brabant                             22. Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy               11. Adelaide of Burgundy                       23. Yolande of Dreux               1. Philip III of Navarre                                         24. Robert I of Artois               12. Robert II, Count of Artois                       25. Matilda of Brabant               6. Philip of Artois                             26. Peter of Courtenay               13. Amicie de Courtenay                       27. Pétronille de Joigny               3. Margaret of Artois                                   28. John I, Duke of Brittany               14. John II, Duke of Brittany                       29. Blanche of Navarre               7. Blanche of Brittany                             30. Henry III of England               15. Beatrice of England                       31. Eleanor of Provence

References

1. Robert Fawtier, The Capetian Kings of France: Monarchy and Nation 987-1328, transl. Lionel Butler and R.J. Adam, (Macmillan Education Ltd, 1989), 130.
2. Housley, Norman, The Avignon papacy and the Crusades, 1305-1378, (Oxford University Press, 1986), 61.
3. See Pilar Azcárate Aguilar-Amat, "Aportación y muerte de Felipe de Evreux en la cruzada de Algeciras (1343)", in Eduardo Ripoll Perelló and Manuel Fernando Ladero Quesada (eds.) Actas del II Congreso Internacional "El Estrecho de Gibraltar", Ceuta, 1990 (Madrid, 1995), 3:61–76.
4. Fernando Arias Guillén (2012), "El linaje maldito de Alfonso X. Conflictos en torno a la legitimidad regia en Castilla (c. 1275–1390)", Vínculos de Historia, 1: 157.
5. Fermin Miranda Garcia, Reyes de Navarra: Felipe III y Juana II de Evreux (Pamplona, 1994).
6. Garcia.
7. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol.10, 722.