Phukha language

Phukha
Phula
Native to	China, Vietnam
Ethnicity	18,000 Phula people (undated – 2009)[1]
Native speakers	10,0000 (2008–2011)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Lolo-Burmese Loloish Southeastern Highland Phula Phowa Hlepho–Phukha Phukha
Language codes
ISO 639-3	phh
Glottolog	phuk1235[2]

Phukha is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of Vietnam and China.^[1]

Phonology

Consonants

Phukha has the following consonants.^[3]

		Labial	Coronal		Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
			Central	Lateral
Stops	Aspirated	pʰ	tʰ				kʰ
	Voiceless	p	t				k
	Voiced	b	d				ɡ
Affricates	Aspirated		tsʰ	tɬʰ	tʂʰ	tʃʰ
	Voiceless		ts	tɬ	tʂ	tʃ
	Voiced			dɮ
Fricatives	Voiceless	f	s	ɬ	ʂ	ʃ		χ
	Voiced	v	z	ɮ	ʐ	ʒ		ʁ
	Voiced laryngealized	v*	z*			ʒ*
Nasals		m	ɮ				ŋ
Approximants		w		ɬ		j

Vowels

Phukha has the following vowels.^[3]

	front	central	back unrounded	back rounded
High	i	ɨ	ɯ	u
Hi-Mid	e	ə		ɯ
Lo-Mid	ɛ		ʌ	ɔ
Low		ɡ

Tones

Phukha has five tones:^[3] high /˥/, mid /˧/, low /˨/, low-rising /˨˦/, and low-falling /˨˩/.

Notes

1. Phukha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Phukha". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. Pelkey 2005.

References

• Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.
• Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.