Pietro Parolin

His Eminence Pietro Parolin
Cardinal Secretary of State
Appointed	15 October 2013
Predecessor	Tarcisio Bertone
Other posts	Cardinal-Priest of Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela Member of the Council of Cardinal Advisers
Orders
Ordination	27 April 1980 by Arnoldo Onisto
Consecration	12 September 2009 by Benedict XVI
Created Cardinal	22 February 2014 by Francis
Rank	Cardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born	17 January 1955 Schiavon, Italy
Denomination	Roman Catholicism
Previous post	Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela (2009–2013) Titular Archbishop of Aquipendium (2009–2014)
Alma mater	Pontifical Gregorian University Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy
Motto	Quis nos Separabit A Caritate Christi? Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?
Coat of arms

Styles of Pietro Parolin
Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal

Pietro Parolin (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjetro paroˈliŋ]; born 17 January 1955) is an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He has served as the Secretary of State since 15 October 2013.^[1] He was elevated to the cardinalate on 22 February 2014.^[2]

Early life

Parolin was born in Schiavon, Province of Vicenza, as the son of a hardware store manager and an elementary school teacher. He has one sister and a brother. When he was ten years old, his father died in a car accident.^[3] After he was ordained on 27 April 1980, he took up graduate studies in canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University and at the same time diplomacy at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. He entered the Holy See's diplomatic service in 1986 at the age of 31, and has served the Holy See as a diplomat for 20 years, in the nunciatures of Nigeria and Mexico.

He served for three years in the Nunciature of Nigeria and another three (1989–1992) in the Nunciature of Mexico. In Nigeria he became familiar with the problems in Christian-Muslim relations. During his time in Mexico he contributed to the final phase of the extensive work begun by Archbishop Girolamo Prigione which led to the legal recognition of the Catholic Church in 1992 and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Mexico. These laborious negotiations led to Mexico officially shedding the country’s secular and anti-clerical imprint, which extended to its Constitution.^[3]

In Rome he was as country director for Spain, Andorra, Italy, San Marino. He speaks native Italian, fluent English and French, and near-native Spanish.

Undersecretary of State for Relations with States

Parolin has also been at the forefront of Vatican efforts to approve and implement the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Addressing the International Atomic Energy Agency on 18 September 2006, at its headquarters in Vienna, Austria, Msgr. Parolin referred to this treaty as "the basis to pursue nuclear disarmament and an important element for further development of nuclear energy applications for peaceful purposes." He said: "Since this treaty is the only multilateral legal instrument currently available, intended to bring about a nuclear weapons-free world, it must not be allowed to be weakened. Humanity deserves no less than the full cooperation of all states in this important matter."

In 2005 Msgr Parolin was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.^[4]

Concerning recent developments in international negotiations on Iran's nuclear program, the Vatican official reaffirmed "that the present difficulties can and must be overcome through diplomatic channels, making use of all the means that diplomacy has at its disposal and considers necessary to eliminate all the elements which objectively impede mutual trust."

In September 2007 at the opening of the UN he argued that, "We often hear in the halls of the United Nations of 'the responsibility to protect'. The Holy See believes that applies also in the context of climate change. States have a shared 'responsibility to protect' the world’s climate through mitigation/adaptation, and above all a shared 'responsibility to protect' our planet and ensure that present and future generations be able to live in a healthy and safe environment".^[5]

Parolin represented the Vatican in a variety of sensitive assignments, including trips to North Korea and Vietnam as well as the 2007 “Annapolis Conference” on the Middle East convened by the Bush administration.^[6]

As the Vatican’s “deputy foreign minister” he dealt with all the sensitive dossiers on the Holy See’s relations with Vietnam (he was partly responsible for paving the way to full diplomatic relations between the two) and the legal issues between the Vatican and Israel which remain unresolved. At the beginning of Pope Benedict's pontificate, direct contact was re-established with China. It was in this context that Benedict XVI sent Chinese Catholics the June 2007 Letter.^[3]

During his time as undersecretary Parolin scored some significant breakthroughs, such as cementing ties between the Holy See and Vietnam, re-establishing direct contact with Beijing in 2005 and helping secure the liberation of 15 British navy personnel captured by Iranian forces in the Persian Gulf in April 2007.^[7]

On 17 August 2009 Pope Benedict XVI appointed Msgr. Parolin to a new position as apostolic nuncio to Venezuela.

Vietnam talks

Talks between the government and Vatican have been held since 1990. Vietnam has one of Asia's largest Catholic populations, with more than 6 million followers. In the latest round of talks, a senior Vatican delegation spent the week in Vietnam meeting with Hanoi officials in the hope of laying the groundwork for formal diplomatic relations. Msgr. Parolin held talks with the Vietnamese government in February 2009 where they agreed that:

Vice Minister Quoc Cuong emphasised Vietnam's consistent policy on the freedom of belief as well as the achievements and current situation on religious affairs in Vietnam in recent years. Vice Minister Cuong expressed his wish for the Holy See's active contribution to the life of the Catholic community in Vietnam, the strengthening of solidarity between religions and of the entire Vietnamese population, and the strong cohesion of the Catholic Church in Vietnam with the nation through practical contributions to national construction. During the meeting, the two sides held in-depth and comprehensive discussions on bilateral relations, including issues related to the Catholic Church in Vietnam. The two sides also acknowledged the encouraging development in the relations between Vietnam and the Holy See since 1990. The two sides agreed that the first meeting of the Joint Working Group was a new and important step forward in their bilateral relations and greater efforts should be made to further promote bilateral ties.^[8]

The two sides agreed to hold the second meeting of the Joint Working Group at a future date.^[9]

Nuncio

Archbishop Parolin during a mass in Caracas, July 2012

On 17 August 2009 Pope Benedict XVI appointed Msgr Parolin Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela and Titular Archbishop of Aquipendium.^[10] and on 12 September 2009, with Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone and William Cardinal Levada as co-consecrators, conferred episcopal consecration on him and on two other recently appointed apostolic nuncios Gabriele Giordano Caccia and Franco Coppola. Parolin's assignment was expected to be difficult, since conflicts between the State and the Church in Venezuela were on the rise as President Hugo Chavez attempted to advance his socialist revolution.

Secretary of State

President Obama meets Cardinal Parolin, 27 March 2014

On 31 August 2013 Pope Francis announced the appointment of Archbishop Parolin as Secretary of State, replacing Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone.^[11][12] Archbishop Parolin took office on 15 October.

Archbishop Parolin became, at 58, the youngest Secretary of State since 1929, when Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (the future Pope Pius XII) was appointed to the position at the age of 53. He said, "The pope's initiatives have given the secretary of state an impetus and have also created a new diplomatic momentum." When asked if he would be spearheading a new diplomatic offensive for peace, he noted that it was a complicated question but said, "Yes, I hope that we can recoup" that drive. "We have this great advantage in respect to other churches, to other religions: We can count on an international institutional presence through diplomacy," he said.^[13]

On 16 December, Archbishop Parolin was appointed as a member of the Congregation for Bishops for a five-year renewable term.^[14] On 19 February 2014 he was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.

Parolin was inducted into the College of Cardinals at a general consistory on 22 February 2014.^[15][16] He was created first-ever Cardinal-Priest of Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela. In July 2014, Pope Francis named him the ninth member of the Council of Cardinal Advisers.^[17] That same month, Parolin received the Sash of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, Mexico's highest.^[18] In 1989-1992, the future cardinal worked in the Apostolic Nunciature in Mexico and played an instrumental role in reestablishing relations between the Holy See and Mexico after 130 years.^[19]

In 2014 Venezuela's government formally invited Cardinal Parolin to mediate talks with the opposition in hopes of stemming violence that has killed dozens in the nation's worst unrest in a decade. In a letter, President Nicolas Maduro's government asked that Parolin, a former nuncio to Venezuela be named a "good faith witness" to a dialogue agreed after two months of protests. Venezuela's opposition coalition had indicated that current nuncio, Archbishop Aldo Giordano, would be attending the first formal talks. Henrique Capriles, the opposition's two-time presidential candidate who narrowly lost to Maduro in a vote last year, confirmed he would take part in the discussions. "I will go to defend the truth," he told reporters. "Debate doesn't mean our people stop protesting. Quite the opposite. Peaceful protest must continue because the problems continue."^[20]

In December 2014 Cardinal Parolin asked the US to find an “adequate humanitarian solution” for prisoners held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, a reflection of Pope Francis’s vocal concern that prisoners be treated with dignity and not be subject to inhumane treatment. Cardinal Parolin, made the request during a Vatican meeting with John Kerry. The Vatican spokesman, the Rev Federico Lombardi said the two sides discussed the US commitment to closing the facility. He said Parolin expressed the Holy See’s desire that “favourable attention be paid to finding adequate humanitarian solutions for current inmates”.^[21] After the announcement to reestablish of US-Cuba relations the Holy See was credited with playing a major role.^{[22] [23]}

During the inauguration of the new wing at the Pontifical North American College in 2015, Cardinal Parolin was asked whether the normalisation of Cuba – U.S. relations pointed toward a new "golden age" of Vatican diplomacy. Cardinal Parolin said that “the president of the United States has already thanked the Pope for the support he has given to this important step,” and stressed that “Holy See diplomacy is always there, to help to build bridges.” Cardinal Parolin also mentioned that perhaps the Holy See’s diplomacy “is now more active…(not only) waiting, but also proposing (solutions for peace), since there are so many conflicts.”^[24]

Cardinal Parolin, called for an intervention in Libya to stop a possible alliance between the country’s Islamic government and the Islamic State. Parolin spoke about the chaos in the North African country after ISIS beheaded 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians, describing the incident as “terrifying”. He stressed the need for “a quick response” saying that the “situation is grave.” Parolin added that “any armed intervention must be carried forward under the framework of international law” and “under the umbrella of the United Nations.”^[25][26][27]

In May 2015, reacting to the passage of the Marriage Equality Referendum in Ireland, which extended marriage rights to same-sex couples, Cardinal Parolin described it as not just a "defeat for Christian principles, but of a defeat for humanity".^[28][29] In June 2015, he visited Abu Dhabi in June 2015 to inaugurate Saint Paul's Church in Musaffah, only the second Catholic parish in Abu Dhabi.^[30]

Cardinal Parolin has stressed the importance of continuity. He believes Pope Francis simply tries to guide the church to be the church of Christ and that he is not starting a revolution. He defends the importance of unchangeable dogmas and asserts the relevance of sacred tradition. Like Pope Francis he said celibacy is a discipline that could be changed but that it cannot simply be dismissed as outdated.^[31] In a keynote speech at the Pontifical Gregorian University in February 2016, Cardinal Parolin defended celibacy as a "gift" that must be received and nurtured with “joyful perseverance” and criticized attempts at getting rid of celibacy to combat vocations shortages.^[32]

Parolin has been mentioned as a papabile, or possible future pope, after the pontificate of Pope Francis.^{[33][34][35][36][37]} Some media have even speculated that Pope Francis himself sees Parolin as his successor.^[38]

See also

• Cardinals created by Francis

References

1. "Il Papa nomina Mons. Pietro Parolin nuove segretario di stato" (in Italian). Radio Vaticana. 2013-08-31. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
2. "List of New Cardinals Named by Pope Francis". VOA.
3. "The talents of the priest and diplomat Fr. Pietro Parolin". Vatican Insider. 2013-08-30. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
4. "Dettaglio decorato – Parolin Rev.mo Mons. Pietro" (in Italian). Presidenza della Repubblica. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
5. "INTERVENTION BY THE HOLY SEE AT THE "HIGH-LEVEL EVENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE ENTITLED "THE FUTURE IS IN OUR HANDS:ADDRESSING THE LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE"".
6. "Francis reboots Vatican system with new Secretary of State". National Catholic Reporter.
7. "Cardinal Parolin Played Key Role in U.S.-Cuba Negotiations". National Catholic Register.
8. "Religious freedom, diplomatic relations in talks between Holy See and Hanoi". Asia News (PIME). 20 February 2009.
9. "Vietnam Embassy - Joint Press Release: The first meeting of the Vietnam-Holy See Joint Working Group in Hanoi". vietnamembassy-myanmar.org.
10. http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/24227.php?index=24227&lang=it
11. "Appointment of new Secretary of State". Holy See Press Office.
12. "Resignation of the Secretary of State and Appointment of the New Secretary of State".
13. "Vatican's new top diplomat ready to ramp up network for peace". Catholic News Service.
14. "RINUNCE E NOMINE". vatican.va.
15. "Until Created Cardinal, Archbishop Pietro Parolin, Will Be PRO-Secretary Of State, Holy See, Not Secretary Of State.". New Hampshire - The Live Free or Die State.
16. "Consistory - 2014". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
17. Catholic Online. "Pope adds Secretary of State Pietro Parolin as member of Council of Cardinals".
18. "DOF - Diario Oficial de la Federación".
19. "Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela - Kard. Parolin otrzymał najwyższe odznaczenie Meksyku".
20. "Venezuela reaches out to Vatican No. 2 to mediate crisis". Reuters.
21. "Vatican asks US to find 'humanitarian solution' for Guantánamo prisoners". theguardian.com. December 15, 2014.
22. John Hooper. "Renewed US-Cuba relations biggest success in Vatican diplomacy in decades". the Guardian.
23. "Cardinal Parolin: on Holy See’s role in US/Cuba agreement". radiovaticana.va.
24. "Top Vatican Official: Washington, NYC likely stops on papal trip". Catholic News Agency.
25. "Pope’s top diplomat backs anti-ISIS campaign in Libya". cruxnow.com.
26. "Vatican Secretary of State urges 'quick response' to crisis in Libya". Catholic News Agency.
27. "Cardinal Parolin: Action needed in Libya, but through the United Nations". news.va.
28. "Vatican says Ireland gay marriage vote is 'defeat for humanity'". theguardian.com. May 27, 2015.
29. "Vatican cardinal calls Irish gay vote ‘defeat for humanity’". The Financial Times. May 27, 2015.
30. "Second catholic church in Abu Dhabi inaugurated". Khaleej Times. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
31. http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/parolin-celibacy-democracy
32. http://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/3036/0/cardinal-parolin-scrapping-celibacy-is-no-solution-to-vocations-crisis
33. "Un Cardenal "papabile" visita México". AFN Tijuana.
34. http://laotraopinion.com.mx/tmp/notas/pietro-parolin-el-primer----papabile--�-de-francisco/382
35. "MondayVatican – Vatican » Pope Francis: Which Peripheries? - MondayVatican". mondayvatican.com.
36. Anura Guruge. "Next Pope After Pope Francis (i.e., Papabili 2014/2015) by Filip Mazurczak". popes-and-papacy.com.
37. "MondayVatican – Vatican » The real Pope Francis and his real enemies - MondayVatican". mondayvatican.com.
38. "Pietro Parolin - największy sojusznik papieża w reformie Kościoła?". gazetapl.

External links

• Pope sends top diplomat to deal with Chavez, by John L Allen, Jr on August 18, 2009, ncronline.org.

Episcopal lineage
Consecrated by:	Pope Benedict XVI
Consecrator of
Bishop	Date of consecration
Aldo Giordano	14 December 2013
Hubertus Matheus Maria van Megen	17 May 2014
Marek Zalewski	31 May 2014
Wojciech Załuski	9 August 2014
Joël Mercier	19 March 2015
Paolo Gualtieri	30 May 2015
Piergiorgio Bertoldi	2 June 2015
Alberto Ortega Martín	10 October 2015
Pierantonio Pavanello	20 February 2016
Paul Tighe	27 February 2016