Poland, Maine

Poland, Maine
Town
The Poland Spring House (1876-1975)
Location of Poland (in yellow) in Androscoggin County and the state of Maine
Poland, Maine Location in the United States
Coordinates: 44°2′57″N 70°23′27″W / 44.04917°N 70.39083°W / 44.04917; -70.39083
Country	United States
State	Maine
County	Androscoggin
Incorporated	1795
Area^[1]
• Total	47.19 sq mi (122.22 km²)
• Land	42.23 sq mi (109.38 km²)
• Water	4.96 sq mi (12.85 km²)
Elevation	374 ft (114 m)
Population (2010)^[2]
• Total	5,376
• Estimate (2012^[3])	5,420
• Density	127.3/sq mi (49.2/km²)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code	04274
Area code(s)	207
FIPS code	23-60020
GNIS feature ID	0582680

Poland is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,376 at the 2010 census. Home to Range Ponds State Park, Poland is a historic resort area. It is included in both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area.

History

Land was granted by the Massachusetts General Court in 1765 to officers and soldiers who served with Sir William Phipps in the 1690 Battle of Quebec. It replaced a 1736 grant made to them called Bakerstown (now Salisbury, New Hampshire) which was ruled invalid in 1741 at the separation of New Hampshire from Massachusetts. The new plantation was also called Bakerstown (after Captain Thomas Baker), and included present-day Poland, Minot, Mechanic Falls and the greater part of Auburn.^[4]

Settled in 1767 by Nathaniel Bailey and Daniel Lane, Bakerstown Plantation would be incorporated as Poland on February 17, 1795.

At the beginning, Poland was an agricultural town, with 600 acres (2.4 km²) of the best land farmed by the Shakers who settled at Poland Hill, north of the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village in New Gloucester. Called the North Family of Shakers, the village was founded by members who moved from Gorham in 1819. The village lasted until 1887.^[5]

Industry was attracted to Poland's water power sites. In 1859, when the population was 2,660, it had 4 sawmills, a gristmill, a tannery and a carriage factory. The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad passed through the northeastern corner of the town, spurring development and bringing tourists drawn to its scenic ponds and gentle hills. By 1893, when Mechanic Falls was set off as a separate town, Poland had evolved into a Gilded Age resort town.^[6]

In 1797, The Wentworth Ricker Inn in South Poland opened at the homestead Jabez Ricker, acquired from a 1794 land swap with the Alfred Shaker Village in Alfred. But when the railroad replaced stage travel, patronage declined and the inn closed. Then a grandson, Hiram Ricker, began proclaiming that the mineral spring on his family's property had cured his dyspepsia. People began arriving to sample the spring's curative waters, which flow 8 gallons a minute. Reopened in 1861, the inn was enlarged and renamed The Mansion House. But even that property could not handle the crowds of tourists, so in 1875 the family expanded the property, build an extravagant house that was dubbed 'Ricker's Folly,' due to skepticism that such a large property would be successful.^[7]

On July 4, 1876, The Poland Spring House opened atop Ricker's Hill, an elevation of 800 feet (244 m) above sea level with magnificent views to the White Mountains. The hotel would be augmented over the years by architects John Calvin Stevens, Albert Winslow Cobb and Harry Wilkerson. It became a self-contained and exclusive spa, with guards at gatehouses instructed to turn away sightseers. With luxurious accommodations for 450 guests, the hotel attracted the rich and famous. Patrons included Gen. Benjamin Butler, Sen. James G. Blaine, Joan Crawford, Jimmy Durante, Jack Paar and Robert Goulet. But following World War II, the era of grand hotels waned. When the Rickers sold The Poland Spring House, its new owners allowed the sprawling facilities to deteriorate. On July 3, 1975, the vacant hotel burned.

Today, the famous water is bottled and sold as Poland Spring water by Nestlé Waters North America, a subsidiary of Nestlé.^[7]

View of Poland, looking north, c. 1905
Home of Gov. Fernald c. 1910
The Mansion House in 1915

1978 P-3 Orion crash

P-3 Orion similar to the one which fell on Tripp Corner.

Poland was the site of one of the last major accidents involving aircraft from Maine's Cold War air bases. A United States Navy patrol bomber from Naval Air Station Brunswick Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) disintegrated over Poland on September 22, 1978. An over-pressurized fuel tank caused the port wing of the Lockheed P-3 Orion to separate at the outboard engine.^[8] The detached wing sheared off part of the tail; and aerodynamic forces caused the remaining engines and starboard wing to detach from the fuselage. Debris rained down over a wide area near the Tripp Corner intersection on Route 11 shortly after noon. No homes were hit, but an explosive fuel-air fire following impact broke some windows. There were no survivors from the plane's eight-man crew.^[9]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.19 square miles (122.22 km²), of which 42.23 square miles (109.38 km²) is land and 4.96 square miles (12.85 km²) is water.^[1] Poland is drained by the Little Androscoggin River.

The town is crossed by state routes 11, 26 and 122. It is bordered by the towns of Mechanic Falls to the north, Minot to the northeast, Auburn to the east, New Gloucester to the southeast, Casco and Raymond to the southwest, and Otisfield and Oxford to the northwest.

Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Poland has a humid continental climate, Dfb on climate maps.^[10]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1800	2,125		—
1810	850		−60.0%
1820	1,353		59.2%
1830	1,916		41.6%
1840	2,360		23.2%
1850	2,660		12.7%
1860	2,746		3.2%
1870	2,436		−11.3%
1880	2,442		0.2%
1890	2,472		1.2%
1900	1,648		−33.3%
1910	1,382		−16.1%
1920	1,399		1.2%
1930	1,503		7.4%
1940	1,441		−4.1%
1950	1,503		4.3%
1960	1,537		2.3%
1970	2,015		31.1%
1980	3,578		77.6%
1990	4,342		21.4%
2000	4,866		12.1%
2010	5,376		10.5%
Est. 2014	5,517	^[11]	2.6%
U.S. Decennial Census^[12]

2010 census

As of the census^[2] of 2010, there were 5,376 people, 2,140 households, and 1,581 families residing in the town. The population density was 127.3 inhabitants per square mile (49.2/km²). There were 2,679 housing units at an average density of 63.4 per square mile (24.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.4% White, 0.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 2,140 households of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.1% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the town was 43.4 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.7% were from 25 to 44; 35% were from 45 to 64; and 12.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census

Per the census^[13] of 2000, there were 4,866 people, 1,845 households, and 1,437 families residing in the town.

The median income for a household in the town was $47,824, and the median income for a family was $55,427. Males had a median income of $33,284 versus $23,926 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,346. About 1.8% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Voter registration

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of January 2015^[14]
Party		Total Voters	Percentage
	Unenrolled	1,639	39.7%
	Republican	1,207	29.2%
	Democratic	1,052	25.5%
	Green Independent	230	5.6%
Total		4,128	100%

Education

The Town of Poland is a member of Regional School Unit 16 (RSU 16). Poland Regional High School (PRHS) serves as the district high school of RSU 16 and is open to all high school age students of Poland, Mechanic Falls, and Minot, Maine. Students from Raymond, Maine, as well, attend PRHS on a tuition basis. The school's athletic teams compete in Maine class "B" athletics. The school's mascot is the knight and the school colors are blue and silver. Connected to the high school is Bruce M. Whittier Middle School. This school serves all three town's 7th and 8th grade students (as of 2010). Both schools opened in 1999. Poland Community School, last expanded in 2002, serves Poland's K-6 students.

Elan School, a private 8-12 behavior modification boarding school, opened in Poland in 1976 and remained until 2011.^[15]

Popular culture

Two episodes of the popular 1960s television series Route 66 were filmed in Poland: "Come out, Come out, Wherever you are" (1963) starring Lon Chaney, Jr.; and "Same Picture, Different Frame" (1963) starring Joan Crawford, Tom Bosley, and Patrick O'Neal.^[16]

Sites of interest

Notable people

Bert M. Fernald, US senator and 47th governor of Maine
John Nevins Andrews, minister, missionary, writer, editor and scholar
Moncena Dunn, bookkeeper and army officer
Jabez K. Walker, Wisconsin assemblyman

References

1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
↑ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts. p. 265.
↑ The Sabbathday Lake Shakers and the Rickers of the Poland Spring Hotel
↑ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Poland, Boston: Russell
1 2 History of The Poland Spring House
↑ "VP-8 Mishap". U.S.Navy Patrol Squadrons. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
↑ M. Dirk M. Dirk (2012-01-20). "The ultimate sacrifice; wreck sites a reminder of military plane disasters". Lewiston Sun Journal. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
↑ Climate Summary for Poland, Maine
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
↑ http://maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/data/r-e-active.pdf
↑ "About Elan School." Elan School. Retrieved on March 25, 2009.
↑ Route 66: Same Picture, Different Frame and Come Out Come Out Wherever You Are both Retrieved June 28, 2008

External links

Municipalities and communities of Androscoggin County, Maine, United States

County seat: Auburn

Cities	Auburn Lewiston

Towns	Durham Greene Leeds Lisbon Livermore Falls Livermore Mechanic Falls Minot Poland Sabattus Turner Wales

CDPs	Lisbon Falls Livermore Falls Mechanic Falls

Androscoggin River Watershed

Tributaries	Alder River Bear River Cathance River Chickwolnepy Stream Clear Stream Concord River Cupsuptic River Dead Cambridge River Dead Diamond River Dead River (ME) Dead River (NH) Dead River (Sabattus) East Branch Cupsuptic River East Branch Dead Diamond River East Branch Nezinscot River East Branch Pleasant River East Branch Swift River Ellis River First East Branch Magalloway River Kennebago River Little Androscoggin River Little Dead Diamond River Little East Branch Cupsuptic River Little Magalloway River Little River Magalloway River Middle Branch Dead Diamond River Middle Branch Little Magalloway River Mollidgewock Brook Moose Brook Moose River Muddy River Nezinscot River Peabody River Pleasant River Rangeley River Rapid River Rattle River Sabattus River Sanborn River Second East Branch Magalloway River South Branch Little Dead Diamond River South Branch Sunday River Sunday River Swift Cambridge River Swift Diamond River Swift River Third East Branch Magalloway River Webb River West Branch Dead Diamond River West Branch Ellis River West Branch Little Dead Diamond River West Branch Little Magalloway River West Branch Magalloway River West Branch Nezinscot River West Branch Peabody River West Branch Pleasant River West Branch Swift River Wild River

Lakes	Akers Pond Androscoggin Lake Lake Auburn Aziscohos Lake Echo Lake Greenough Pond Mooselookmeguntic Lake Parker Pond Pontook Reservoir Rangeley Lake Richardson Lakes Thompson Lake Success Pond Umbagog Lake Webb Lake

Towns	Albany Andover Auburn Berlin Bethel Bowdoin Brunswick Buckfield Byron Cambridge Canton Carthage Chesterville Dixfield Dummer Durham Errol Fayette Gilead Gorham Greene Greenwood Hanover Hartford Hebron Jay Leeds Lewiston Lisbon Livermore Livermore Falls Mechanic Falls Mexico Minot Monmouth Mount Vernon Newry Norway Otisfield Oxford Paris Peru Pittsburg Poland Randolph Rangeley Readfield Roxbury Rumford Sabattus Shelburne Stewartstown Sumner Topsham Turner Upton Vienna Wales Wayne Weld Wentworth's Location West Paris Woodstock

Landmarks	Brown Company Maine Central Railroad Old Speck Mountain Rumford Mill St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad White Mountains

Coordinates: 44°03′38″N 70°23′37″W / 44.06056°N 70.39361°W / 44.06056; -70.39361

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