Polar set
- See also polar set (potential theory).
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics the polar set of a given subset of a vector space is a certain set in the dual space.
Given a dual pair the polar set or polar of a subset
of
is a set
in
defined as
The bipolar of a subset of
is the polar of
. It is denoted
and is a set in
.
Properties
-
is absolutely convex
- If
then
- So
, where equality of sets does not necessarily hold.
- So
- For all
:
-
- For a dual pair
is closed in
under the weak-*-topology on
- The bipolar
of a set
is the absolutely convex envelope of
, that is the smallest absolutely convex set containing
. If
is already absolutely convex then
.
- For a closed convex cone
in
, the polar cone is equivalent to the one-sided polar set for
, given by
-
.[1]
Geometry
In geometry, the polar set may also refer to a duality between points and planes. In particular, the polar set of a point , given by the set of points
satisfying
is its polar hyperplane, and the dual relationship for a hyperplane yields its pole.
See also
References
- ↑ Aliprantis, C.D.; Border, K.C. (2007). Infinite Dimensional Analysis: A Hitchhiker's Guide (3 ed.). Springer. p. 215. doi:10.1007/3-540-29587-9. ISBN 978-3-540-32696-0.
Discussion of Polar Sets in Potential Theory: Ransford, Thomas: Potential Theory in the Complex Plane, London Mathematical Society Student Texts 28, CUP, 1995, pp. 55-58.
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